Marc P. Hijma

TL;DR: A review of sea level and climate records identifies two sea-level jumps associated with the final drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz, and links them to an abrupt cooling event as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show with detailed sea-level data from Rotterdam, Netherlands, that the sea level rise commenced in the Laurentide proglacial lakes Agassiz and Ojibway through the Hudson Strait into the North Atlantic ca 8470 ± 300 yr ago.

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds, highlighting aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes.

Abstract: A sea-level index point (SLIP) estimates relative sea level (RSL) at a specified time and place, with an associated uncertainty. In the preceding chapters, numerous examples have been provided detailing how to collect sea-level indicators from different geomorphic settings (Chapters 3–10) and the means to interpret them (Chapters 12–22). Various methods of dating SLIPs (Chapters 23–27) have been discussed, as well as how to use modeling to account for compaction or changes in tidal range (Chapters 29 and 30). In order to compare SLIPs collected by differing techniques, it is necessary to analyze their associated errors in an objective and uniform way. SLIPs that are represented as discrete, errorless data points in age/ elevation space may lead to erroneous inferences of RSL fluctuations that often reflect inherent uncertainties in the underlying data. The usefulness of geological sea-level data increases significantly if they are subjected to a rigorous error analysis with well-quantified uncertainties. As a consequence, SLIPs have played a major role in the last decades in estimating future sea-level change by establishing long-term background rates of vertical land motion (e.g., Engelhart et al., 2009) and in refining glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models (e.g., Lambeck et al., 1998; Peltier et al., 2002; Milne et al., 2005; Vink et al., 2007). The database approach is a method for analyzing large numbers of SLIPs with all data stored according to a well-defined error protocol. A sea-level database can elucidate regional variations in past RSL which are of interest to a wide range of topics such as ice-sheet dynamics, archeology, Earth rheology, and future sea-level change. Multiple approaches to database construction have been used worldwide (e.g., Flemming, 1982; Shennan and Horton, 2002; Toscano and Macintyre, 2003; Dutton and Lambeck, 2012; Engelhart and Horton, 2012; Yu et al., 2012), all with unique strategies and emphases. In this chapter we present a comprehensive protocol for analyzing and standardizing sealevel data, including a format for constructing a sea-level database that captures all the relevant variables. In particular, we build on the work initiated by the Durham University group in the 1980s (e.g., Shennan, 1989) that culminated in a comprehensive sea-level database for the UK (Shennan and Horton, 2002). The hallmark of the UK sea-level database is the evaluation in a systematic fashion of a large range of variables to produce SLIPs and limiting data points. Here we expand upon this approach, especially by quantifying dating errors and by incorporating both modern-day and paleotidal modeling. The overarching philosophy is to include as much of the original, “raw” data as possible, and to maximize caution in assigning errors. The latter implies that assigned errors are often larger than in previous analyses of similar data. The database described here was developed within the framework of studies of RSL change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) along the US Gulf and Atlantic coasts. However, the methods can be applied worldwide as they are suitable for a Chapter 34 A protocol for a geological sea-level database

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed reconstruction of the palaeogeography of the Rhine valley during the Holocene transgression with systems tracts placed in a precise sea-level context is presented.