Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Roles moleculaires des proteines de choc thermique dans le fonctionnement des organismes a des temperatures normales et suite a des chocs thermiques; differents genes impliques

The heat-shock proteins

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

As a discipline, phylogenetics is becoming transformed by a flood of molecular data. These data allow broad questions to be asked about the history of life, but also present difficult statistical and computational problems. Bayesian inference of phylogeny brings a new perspective to a number of outstanding issues in evolutionary biology, including the analysis of large phylogenetic trees and complex evolutionary models and the detection of the footprint of natural selection in DNA sequences.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/294/5550/2310.full.pdf

Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology

RNA polymerase II is transcriptionally engaged but paused approximately 25 nucleotides from the start site of the hsp70 gene of Drosophila melanogaster in uninduced (non-heat-shocked) flies. Here, we identify regions of the hsp70 promoter that are required for formation of this paused polymerase. Various hsp70 promoter sequences are substituted for promoter sequences of a yolk protein gene, yp1, which, in males, is normally not expressed and has no paused polymerase. Run-on assays with nuclei of male transgenic flies are used to measure the level of paused polymerase on the hybrid genes. Sequences that reside upstream of the hsp70 TATA element, when fused upstream of the yp1 TATA element, specify the formation of a paused polymerase on the 5' end of this hybrid gene. Within this region are multiple copies of the GAGA element, which is known to bind a constitutively expressed factor. This element appears to play a role in generating the pause. Also, in the absence of much of this upstream region, hsp70 sequences in the vicinity of the transcriptional start and pause site participate in specifying the pause. Deletions of the pause site reduce the level of paused polymerase but do not lead to constitutive transcription. However, a connection between transcription and pausing is seen. The level of paused polymerase on the various hybrid hsp70-yp1 promoters correlates with the promoter's potential to direct heat-induced transcription.

/pdf/dna-sequence-requirements-for-generating-paused-polymerase-1nq05lqkjb.pdf

DNA sequence requirements for generating paused polymerase at the start of hsp70.

The tissue-specific patterns of developmental expression of hsp26-lacZ fusion genes inserted into Drosophila melanogaster by germline transformation were analyzed in several transformant lines utilizing a histochemical assay for beta-galactosidase activity on whole animals. We compared this pattern to the tissue-specific distribution of endogenous hsp26 RNA determined using hybridization of probes to RNA in situ in tissue sections. Both assays reveal that hsp26 is expressed in numerous tissues during development including spermatocytes, nurse cells, epithelium, imaginal discs, proventriculus and neurocytes. The ease and resolution of the whole-animal beta-galactosidase assay makes it particularly attractive for the elucidation of sequences involved in such complex regulation. The original hsp26-lacZ fusion gene contained 2 kb of sequence upstream of the transcription start. A construct containing only 278 bp upstream was still expressed in spermatocytes but no longer in nurse cells. In a few instances, the fusion genes were expressed in tissues for which there was no evidence for expression of the endogenous hsp26 gene. These novel patterns appear to be a result of chromosomal position since they were observed in only one or a subset of transformant lines containing identical inserts.

https://www.embopress.org/doi/pdf/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04277.x

Spatial and temporal pattern of hsp26 expression during normal development.

Drosophila males transfer antibacterial proteins from their accessory gland and ejaculatory duct to their mates.

Identity and transfer of male reproductive gland proteins of the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti: potential tools for control of female feeding and reproduction

Drosophila melanogaster males transfer seminal fluid proteins along with sperm during mating. Among these proteins, ACPs ( Ac cessory gland p roteins) from the male9s accessory gland induce behavioral, physiological, and life span reduction in mated females and mediate sperm storage and utilization. A previous evolutionary EST screen in D. simulans identified partial cDNAs for 57 new candidate ACPs. Here we report the annotation and confirmation of the corresponding Acp genes in D. melanogaster . Of 57 new candidate Acp genes previously reported in D. melanogaster , 34 conform to our more stringent criteria for encoding putative male accessory gland extracellular proteins, thus bringing the total number of ACPs identified to 52 (34 plus 18 previously identified). This comprehensive set of Acp genes allows us to dissect the patterns of evolutionary change in a suite of proteins from a single male-specific reproductive tissue. We used sequence-based analysis to examine codon bias, gene duplications, and levels of divergence (via d N / d S values and ortholog detection) of the 52 D. melanogaster ACPs in D. simulans , D. yakuba , and D. pseudoobscura . We show that 58% of the 52 D. melanogaster Acp genes are detectable in D. pseudoobscura . Sequence comparisons of ACPs shared and not shared between D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura show that there are separate classes undergoing distinctly dissimilar evolutionary dynamics.

/pdf/cross-species-comparison-of-drosophila-male-accessory-gland-5b7iwhhw0x.pdf

Mariana F. Wolfner

Papers

DNA sequence requirements for generating paused polymerase at the start of hsp70.

Spatial and temporal pattern of hsp26 expression during normal development.

Drosophila males transfer antibacterial proteins from their accessory gland and ejaculatory duct to their mates.

Identity and transfer of male reproductive gland proteins of the dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti: potential tools for control of female feeding and reproduction

Cross-species comparison of Drosophila male accessory gland protein genes