Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Roles moleculaires des proteines de choc thermique dans le fonctionnement des organismes a des temperatures normales et suite a des chocs thermiques; differents genes impliques

The heat-shock proteins

BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

“Bioinformatics” 특집을 내면서

As a discipline, phylogenetics is becoming transformed by a flood of molecular data. These data allow broad questions to be asked about the history of life, but also present difficult statistical and computational problems. Bayesian inference of phylogeny brings a new perspective to a number of outstanding issues in evolutionary biology, including the analysis of large phylogenetic trees and complex evolutionary models and the detection of the footprint of natural selection in DNA sequences.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/294/5550/2310.full.pdf

Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology

A critical step in fertilization of eutherian mammals is the “pickup” of oocytes (eggs) by the oviduct (fallopian tube) from the surface of the ovary. In the ovary, each oocyte matures within a follicle, in which it is surrounded by supportive granulosa cells. As the time of ovulation nears, the granulosa cells close to the oocyte transform into cumulus cells, which begin secreting a hydrated elastic extracellular matrix (1). At ovulation, the oocyte plus its cumulus cells and their matrix—the cumulus–oocyte complex (COC)—is released from the ovary and must be pulled into the oviduct, vaulting over a gap between the surface of the ovary and the open end of the oviduct, the infundibulum. Failure of COC pickup can lead to failure of sperm to fertilize the oocyte or, worse, to ectopic implantation of an embryo outside of the uterus. In PNAS, Yuan et al. (2) demonstrate that the carpet of tiny motile cilia that coats the lining of the infundibulum is crucial to successful oocyte pickup and transport into the oviduct.

Yuan et al. (2) created a strain of female mice whose oviducts were largely devoid of cilia. They did this by simultaneously knocking out two clusters of microRNAs (miRs) that, together, are necessary to generate cilia on the epithelial cells of the oviduct; tissue/time-targeted knockout narrowed down the effects of the miRs to the adult oviduct epithelium. Knockout females were infertile, even though they produced normal amounts of oocytes and reproductive hormones. Their infertility resulted, instead, from a failure of oocyte pickup: Yuan et al. (2) observed that oocytes did not enter the oviducts of the knockout mice but instead accumulated in the bursal cavity outside of the oviduct after they had been released from the ovary. Although some knockout female mice retained a reduced number of motile cilia … 

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: sss7{at}cornell.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Cilia take the egg on a magic carpet ride.

In polyandrous internally fertilizing species, a multiply-mated female can use stored sperm from different males in a biased manner to fertilize her eggs. The female's ability to assess sperm quality and compatibility is essential for her reproductive success, and represents an important aspect of postcopulatory sexual selection. In Drosophila melanogaster, previous studies demonstrated that the female nervous system plays an active role in influencing progeny paternity proportion, and suggested a role for octopaminergic/tyraminergic Tdc2 neurons in this process. Here, we report that inhibiting Tdc2 neuronal activity causes females to produce a higher-than-normal proportion of first-male progeny. This difference is not due to differences in sperm storage or release, but instead is attributable to the suppression of second-male sperm usage bias that normally occurs in control females. We further show that a subset of Tdc2 neurons innervating the female reproductive tract is largely responsible for the progeny proportion phenotype that is observed when Tdc2 neurons are inhibited globally. On the contrary, overactivation of Tdc2 neurons does not further affect sperm storage and release or progeny proportion. These results suggest that octopaminergic/tyraminergic signaling allows a multiply-mated female to bias sperm usage, and identify a new role for the female nervous system in postcopulatory sexual selection.

Octopaminergic/tyraminergic Tdc2 neurons regulate biased sperm usage in female Drosophila melanogaster.

/pdf/the-fifth-international-symposium-on-molecular-insect-4si1gmdzi2.pdf

The Fifth International Symposium on Molecular Insect Science May 20–24, 2006, Tucson, Arizona USA

Sex peptide (SP), a seminal fluid protein of Drosophila melanogaster males, has been described as driving a virgin-to-mated switch in females, through eliciting an array of responses including increased egg laying, activity, and food intake and a decreased remating rate. While it is known that SP achieves this, at least in part, by altering neuronal signaling in females, the genetic architecture and temporal dynamics of the female's response to SP remain elusive. We used a high-resolution time series RNA-sequencing dataset of female heads at 10 time points within the first 24 h after mating to learn about the genetic architecture, at the gene and exon levels, of the female's response to SP. We find that SP is not essential to trigger early aspects of a virgin-to-mated transcriptional switch, which includes changes in a metabolic gene regulatory network. However, SP is needed to maintain and diversify metabolic changes and to trigger changes in a neuronal gene regulatory network. We further find that SP alters rhythmic gene expression in females and suggests that SP's disruption of the female's circadian rhythm might be key to its widespread effects.

Time series transcriptome analysis implicates the circadian clock in the Drosophila melanogaster female's response to sex peptide.

are sufficient for both lamin Dm0 interaction and the targeting of GFP-NLS to the nuclear periphery. This region of YA is hydrophilic and lacks any transmembrane domain or known membrane-targeting motifs. We propose that the localization of YA to the nuclear lamina involves interaction with polymerized lamin Dm0 mediated by the lamintargeting domain of YA. This hydrophilic YA domain might provide a useful molecular tool for targeting heterologous non-membrane-associated proteins to the nuclear envelope. Summary

/pdf/a-hydrophilic-lamin-binding-domain-from-the-drosophila-ya-2su39p8ork.pdf

Mariana F. Wolfner

Papers

Cilia take the egg on a magic carpet ride.

Octopaminergic/tyraminergic Tdc2 neurons regulate biased sperm usage in female Drosophila melanogaster.

The Fifth International Symposium on Molecular Insect Science May 20–24, 2006, Tucson, Arizona USA

Time series transcriptome analysis implicates the circadian clock in the Drosophila melanogaster female's response to sex peptide.

A hydrophilic lamin-binding domain from the Drosophila YA protein can target proteins to the nuclear envelope.