Masafumi Nozawa

TL;DR: It seems that mutation by gene duplication and inactivation has important roles in both the adaptive and non-adaptive evolution of chemosensation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that turtle evolution was accompanied by an unexpectedly conservative vertebrate phylotypic period, followed by turtle-specific repatterning of development to yield the novel structure of the shell.

TL;DR: The discovery that nearly half of the gene families in the ancestor of flowering plants have been lost in at least one species examined indicates that the repertoires of miRNA genes have changed more dynamically than previously thought during plant evolution.

TL;DR: The neutral theory of molecular evolution has been widely accepted and is the guiding principle for studying evolutionary genomics and the molecular basis of phenotypic evolution, and recent data on genomic evolution are generally consistent with the neutral theory.

TL;DR: A computer simulation was conducted to examine the reliability of BSM in comparison with the small-sample method (SSM) based on Fisher's exact test and showed that the site-prediction methods have a low probability of identifying functional changes of amino acids experimentally determined and often falsely identify other sites where amino acid substitutions are unlikely to be important.