There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Traditional engineering instruction is deductive, beginning with theories and progressing to the applications of those theories Alternative teaching approaches are more inductive Topics are introduced by presenting specific observations, case studies or problems, and theories are taught or the students are helped to discover them only after the need to know them has been established This study reviews several of the most commonly used inductive teaching methods, including inquiry learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching The paper defines each method, highlights commonalities and specific differences, and reviews research on the effectiveness of the methods While the strength of the evidence varies from one method to another, inductive methods are consistently found to be at least equal to, and in general more effective than, traditional deductive methods for achieving a broad range of learning outcomes

Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions, Comparisons, and Research Bases

Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より

This research developed a real-time traffic condition assessment and prediction framework using Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII) with computational intelligence to improve the existing traffic surveillance system. Due to the prohibited expenses and complexity involved for the field experiment of such a system, this study adopted state-of-the-art simulation tools as an efficient alternative. 
This work developed an integrated traffic and communication simulation platform to facilitate the design and evaluation of a wide range of online traffic surveillance and management system in both traffic and communication domain. Using the integrated simulator, the author evaluated the performance of different combination of communication medium and architecture. This evaluation led to the development of a hybrid VII framework exemplified by hierarchical architecture, which is expected to eliminate single point failures, enhance scalability and easy integration of control functions for traffic condition assessment and prediction. 
In the proposed VII framework, the vehicle on-board equipments and roadside units (RSUs) work collaboratively, based on an intelligent paradigm known as “Support Vector Machine (SVM),” to determine the occurrence and characteristics of an incident with the kinetics data generated by vehicles. In addition to incident detection, this research also integrated the computational intelligence paradigm called “Support Vector Regression (SVR)” within the hybrid VII framework for improving the travel time prediction capabilities, and supporting on-line leaning functions to improve its performance over time. Two simulation models that fully implemented the functionalities of real-time traffic surveillance were developed on calibrated and validated simulation network for study sites in Greenville and Spartanburg, South Carolina. The simulation models' encouraging performance on traffic condition assessment and prediction justifies further research on field experiment of such a system to address various research issues in the areas covered by this work, such as availability and accuracy of vehicle kinetic and maneuver data, reliability of wireless communication, maintenance of RSUs and wireless repeaters. 
The impact of this research will provide a reliable alternative to traditional traffic sensors to assess and predict the condition of the transportation system. The integrated simulation methodology and open source software will provide a tool for design and evaluation of any real-time traffic surveillance and management systems. Additionally, the developed VII simulation models will be made available for use by future researchers and designers of other similar VII systems. Future implementation of the research in the private and public sector will result in new VII related equipment in vehicles, greater control of traffic loading, faster incident detection, improved safety, mitigated congestion, and reduced emissions and fuel consumption.

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A real-time traffic condition assessment and prediction framework using vehicle-infrastructure integration (vii) with computational intelligence

This study examined the current state of the incident management industry in the US by reviewing the available published literature, and by launching a nationwide survey of multiple incident management agencies. The study also evaluated the specific impact of traffic incidents on both motorists and the environment on South Carolina freeways by using traffic simulation and benefit-cost analysis. Survey responses revealed that technologies such as traffic cameras, dispatched personnel, and freeway service patrols were the most successful in detecting and verifying incidents. Responses also emphasized the importance of effective institutional coordination, and communication to both the public and decision makers for a successful incident management program. Through traffic simulation analysis, researchers examined the effectiveness of traffic sensors, traffic cameras, freeway service patrols, a multiple-strategy approach, a Steer-it Clear-it law, and route diversion. Results of the benefit-cost analysis indicated that using traffic sensors, traffic cameras, freeway service patrols, and a combination of these strategies with an incident report hot line, produced $7, $12, $11, and $8 of benefit for each dollar invested, respectively. The Steer-it Clear-it scenario produced approximately $22 for each dollar invested if all drivers were aware of and obeyed the law. The route diversion strategy, evaluated for severe crashes, produced approximately $55 for every dollar invested with 100 percent compliance rate.

Benefit Cost Analysis of Accelerated Incident Clearance

https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/31095/dot_31095_DS1.pdf

Support for the development and implementation of an access management program through research and analysis of collision data : final report.

AADT Estimation with Regression Using Centrality and Roadway Characteristic Variables

Travelers on U.S. freeways could now be better-informed than ever before, because of a new federal legislation. The Final Rule 23 CFR 511 has mandated that after November 8, 2014, states provide real-time traveler data along all limited-access roadways, and that traveler information must also be provided along routes of significance in all metropolitan areas (with populations exceeding one million) two years after that. Furthermore, this law requires information be available 90% of the time, with an 85% rate of accuracy. This study was conducted, with the collaboration from the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT), to provide guidance on meeting the new rule effectively and quantifiably. To amass the necessary data, the authors reviewed published documents on the topic and conducted interviews and conference calls with stakeholders throughout the rural and urban transportation districts of Illinois to identify the routes that require real-time information, information sharing needs and possible changes and updates to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) architectures. Moreover, an online survey was conducted to gather information on different practices addressing the requirements of 23 CFR 511 in other state departments of transportation (DOTs). After gathering information from these sources, researchers recommended best strategies to satisfy the real-time traveler information dissemination requirements in Illinois. Accordingly, the routes requiring real-time information and the measures of effectiveness were identified, including methods to quantify accuracy and availability. Revisions to the ITS architectures relating to Illinois were proposed along with new interfaces that need to be added. The outcome of this study includes methods by which the quality of travel information for Illinois roadways can be measured by IDOT. In addition, this study proposed recommendations for archiving data, revising policy documents, updating ITS architectures, reviewing compliance with 23 CFR 511, and deploying infrastructure, all of which provide guidance towards complying with the 23 CFR 511 requirements.

Mashrur Chowdhury

Papers

A real-time traffic condition assessment and prediction framework using vehicle-infrastructure integration (vii) with computational intelligence

Benefit Cost Analysis of Accelerated Incident Clearance

Support for the development and implementation of an access management program through research and analysis of collision data : final report.

AADT Estimation with Regression Using Centrality and Roadway Characteristic Variables

Real-Time Information Dissemination Requirements for Illinois per New Federal Rule