There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Traditional engineering instruction is deductive, beginning with theories and progressing to the applications of those theories Alternative teaching approaches are more inductive Topics are introduced by presenting specific observations, case studies or problems, and theories are taught or the students are helped to discover them only after the need to know them has been established This study reviews several of the most commonly used inductive teaching methods, including inquiry learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching The paper defines each method, highlights commonalities and specific differences, and reviews research on the effectiveness of the methods While the strength of the evidence varies from one method to another, inductive methods are consistently found to be at least equal to, and in general more effective than, traditional deductive methods for achieving a broad range of learning outcomes

Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions, Comparisons, and Research Bases

Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より

The electrification of vehicles has been accelerated over the last few years due to tighter emission regulations, volatile fuel prices, and progress in standardization as well as improvement of battery technologies. Key hurdles of electric vehicles (EV) to gain a larger share in the automotive market are the cost of the energy storage system (ESS) and the density of the EV charging infrastructure. The achievable range of an EV or full electric driving of a plugin hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is limited by its battery capacity. The time to recharge the battery is related to the power level of charging as well as allowable charging parameters to protect the battery life. In order to overcome the constraints of limited range of EVs (all electric driving) as well as the cost of ESS, inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) is an interesting technology path to be considered, in particular if applied as opportunity (stop-and-go) or in-motion charging (also called dynamic wireless charging or move and charge). In-motion wireless charging could lead to significant reductions of the vehicle-related cost of electrification but this comes with the price of an infrastructure that needs to be built and maintained. In order to design the ICPT infrastructure and calculate the cost of construction and operation, certain assumptions have to be made with respect to the vehicle specifications, the specification of the charging system itself and the cost of integration into the existing road infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to provide a thorough analysis of the cost associated with the implementation of a dynamic ICPT infrastructure to support the operation of electrified vehicles and to present transportation agencies a business model that can provide a starting point for the development of a new EV infrastructure.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1134101.pdf

Infrastructure Cost Issues Related to Inductively Coupled Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles

Over the past few decades, the design capacity and service condition of many bridges, which are vital components of the surface transportation infrastructure reliability and functionality, have been challenged by rapid traffic growth and scarce maintenance funds. Numerous incidents of bridge collapse call for an urgent need to develop a systematic method of assessing the failure risks and identifying the initiating events that can lead to a bridge collapse. This paper presents a process of bridge failure risk analysis through fault-tree modeling for a common type of bridge known as segmental concrete box girder bridge. The process was applied to a segmental box girder bridge in South Carolina and was found to effectively identify causal factors of bridge failure and estimate overall failure risk. However, to comprehensively assess the probability of bridge failure, fault-tree analysis can best be used in combination with current risk assessment methods, such as visual inspections and structural health monitoring sensors.

Fault-Tree Model for Risk Assessment of Bridge Failure: Case Study for Segmental Box Girder Bridges

As an alternate form in the road transportationsystem, electric vehicle (EV) can help reduce the fossil-fuelconsumption. However, the usage of EVs is constrained by thelimited capacity of battery. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) can increase the driving range of EVs by charging EVs inmotionwhen they drive through a wireless charging laneembedded in a road. The amount of power that can be suppliedby a charging lane at a time is limited. A problem here iswhen a large number of EVs pass a charging lane, how toefficiently distribute the power among different penetrationslevels of EVs? However, there has been no previous researchdevoted to tackling this challenge. To handle this challenge, wepropose a system to balance the State of Charge (called BSoC) among the EVs. It consists of three components: i) fog-basedpower distribution architecture, ii) power scheduling model, and iii) efficient vehicle-to-fog communication protocol. The fogcomputing center collects information from EVs and schedulesthe power distribution. We use fog closer to vehicles ratherthan cloud in order to reduce the communication latency. Thepower scheduling model schedules the power allocated to eachEV. In order to avoid network congestion between EVs and thefog, we let vehicles choose their own communication channelto communicate with local controllers. Finally, we evaluateour system using extensive simulation studies in NetworkSimulator-3, MatLab, and Simulation for Urban MObilitytools, and the experimental results confirm the efficiency ofour system.

An Efficient Wireless Power Transfer System to Balance the State of Charge of Electric Vehicles

When integrated into the transportation system infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, Intelligent Transportation Systems, or ITS, help monitor and manage traffic flow, reduce congestion, provide alternate routes to travelers, enhance productivity, and save lives, time, and money. Here is the first comprehensive treatment of techniques to leverage ITS in support of security and safety for surface transportation infrastructure. Case studies of current ITS approaches to security issues such as freight security, disaster and evacuation response, HAZMAT incidents, rail security, and ITS Wide Area Alerts show the reader how to design, model, and implement a variety of projects.

Transportation Infrastructure Security Utilizing Intelligent Transportation Systems

Defining and understanding traffic flow parameters within short-term Interstate work zones are crucial in developing effective policies to manage construction and maintenance work conducted on the nation's heavily traveled freeways. The South Carolina Department of Transportation (DOT) initiated a research study to develop a methodology for use in determining an updated lane closure policy for Interstate highway work zones. Phase 1 of the research was completed in May 2003, and findings identified threshold volumes for two-to-one lane closure work zone configurations. Phase 2 of the research further expanded numerically derived relationships and contained analysis of other short-term lane closure configurations including three-to-two and three-to-one lane closures. Both research phases concentrated on methods to determine the number of vehicles per lane per hour that can pass through short-term Interstate work zone lane closures with minimum or acceptable levels of delay as defined by South Carolina DOT. ...

Mashrur Chowdhury

Papers

Infrastructure Cost Issues Related to Inductively Coupled Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles

Fault-Tree Model for Risk Assessment of Bridge Failure: Case Study for Segmental Box Girder Bridges

An Efficient Wireless Power Transfer System to Balance the State of Charge of Electric Vehicles

Transportation Infrastructure Security Utilizing Intelligent Transportation Systems

Estimating Interstate Highway Capacity for Short-Term Work Zone Lane Closures: Development of Methodology