There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Traditional engineering instruction is deductive, beginning with theories and progressing to the applications of those theories Alternative teaching approaches are more inductive Topics are introduced by presenting specific observations, case studies or problems, and theories are taught or the students are helped to discover them only after the need to know them has been established This study reviews several of the most commonly used inductive teaching methods, including inquiry learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching The paper defines each method, highlights commonalities and specific differences, and reviews research on the effectiveness of the methods While the strength of the evidence varies from one method to another, inductive methods are consistently found to be at least equal to, and in general more effective than, traditional deductive methods for achieving a broad range of learning outcomes

Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions, Comparisons, and Research Bases

Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より

The transportation system is rapidly evolving with new connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies that integrate CAVs with other vehicles and roadside infrastructure in a cyberphysical system (CPS). Through connectivity, CAVs affect their environments and vice versa, increasing the size of the cyberattack surface and the risk of exploitation of security vulnerabilities by malicious actors. Thus, greater understanding of potential CAV-CPS cyberattacks and of ways to prevent them is a high priority. In this article we describe CAV-CPS cyberattack surfaces and security vulnerabilities, and outline potential cyberattack detection and mitigation strategies. We examine emerging technologies - artificial intelligence, software-defined networks, network function virtualization, edge computing, information-centric and virtual dispersive networking, fifth generation (5G) cellular networks, blockchain technology, and quantum and postquantum cryptography - as potential solutions aiding in securing CAVs and transportation infrastructure against existing and future cyberattacks.

Security of Connected and Automated Vehicles.

Megaprojects in the United States have a legacy of cost overruns. The problems with these overruns start with the cost estimation process before projects begin. Studies have shown that early cost estimations reflect best-case scenarios rather than realistic expectations. The objectives of this research were to determine how costs are presented and updated in environmental impact statements and to provide a framework for selecting cost estimation techniques in consideration of estimating techniques used nationally for transportation projects. Cost estimation methods were analyzed from the documents of seventy projects, including draft environmental impact statements, final environmental impact statements, and records of decision. Interviews with proposing agencies and federal employees involved in the projects provided additional context. Documents were found to have limited disclosure of costs, and eleven percent of the project documents never mentioned cost. Projects that did account for costs reflected an average of 10.75 percent increase in cost between the draft and final environmental impact statements; however, more typically, project costs were not updated through the environmental review process. As a first step, cost estimation needs to become a standard input to environmental review. It was found that the unit costs/historical costs method is currently used most widely.

Analysis of Cost Estimation Disclosure in Environmental Impact Statements for Surface Transportation Projects

Incident Command System (ICS) has become a primary tool used to reduce the impact of non- recurrent traffic congestion due to traffic incidents on major roadways such as interstates. Longer incident clearance time comes with notable delay to motorists and an increase in the likelihood of a secondary incident that is often more severe than the initial congestion-causing incident. Incident management and clearance involve multi-agency emergency response including representatives from the state department of transportation, highway patrol, fire service, emergency medical service, towing, and hazardous-spill cleanup services. The traditional incident management approach is a step-by-step approach, largely performed independently with limited coordination among involved agencies. To minimize the incident response time, it is essential that every agency involved in the response operation work effectively and efficiently. In this study, an inter-agency communication framework was developed to improve the coordination among involved agencies in South Carolina. This research investigates the effectiveness of these multi-agency coordinated ICS strategies for managing traffic incidents in South Carolina by considering their potential impacts in reducing incident duration. Traffic micro-simulation models were developed to analyze the impact of three ICS strategies on total incident duration. A benefit cost analysis revealed that the benefits of each ICS strategy far outweigh the cost of implementation.

Incident Command System Strategies for Incident Management on Freeways: A Simulation Analysis

An adaptive signal control system (ASCS) can adjust signal timings in real time based on traffic demands. The operational benefits of ASCS vary depending on the type of ASCS, corridor characteristi...

Assessment of Operational Effectiveness of SynchroGreen Adaptive Signal Control System in South Carolina

In transportation cyber-physical systems (TCPS), data are collected from different transportation modes and from a wide variety of data collection devices. TCPS data have characteristics that can be described using ‘5Vs of big data’: (1) volume, (2) variety, (3) velocity, (4) veracity and (5) value (Demchenko et al., 2013) . Volume represents the raw amount of data to be stored. Velocity represents the rate at which data are being collected and inserted into the data infrastructure and how fast the back end services are expected to process these data streams. The variety aspect arises from the fact that in a data-driven environment, it is inevitable for service providers to collect and combine data from numerous different sources for creating actionable insights. As a result, data will come into the infrastructure under different data formats. With increases in data size, rate of data arrival and number of data sources, the reliability of data contents will certainly decrease. This is the veracity aspect. The final V, value, represents the desired outcome for investing in TCPS data, because all efforts are for nought if usable insights cannot be generated from the data. All of these characteristics make traditional database management systems and conventional data processing and delivery systems inappropriate for many types of transportation data analysis and decision support tasks. An enormous amount of heterogeneous data cannot be processed in real time. This chapter introduces the modern data infrastructures that are needed to support TCPS. The focus is on open-source hardware and software technologies that support data management and delivery systems. The chapter also includes a discussion of infrastructure as code that can leverage emerging commercial cloud facilities.

Mashrur Chowdhury

Papers

Security of Connected and Automated Vehicles.

Analysis of Cost Estimation Disclosure in Environmental Impact Statements for Surface Transportation Projects

Incident Command System Strategies for Incident Management on Freeways: A Simulation Analysis

Assessment of Operational Effectiveness of SynchroGreen Adaptive Signal Control System in South Carolina

Infrastructure for Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems