There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

According to W. Edwards Deming, American companies require nothing less than a transformation of management style and of governmental relations with industry. In Out of the Crisis, originally published in 1982, Deming offers a theory of management based on his famous 14 Points for Management. Management's failure to plan for the future, he claims, brings about loss of market, which brings about loss of jobs. Management must be judged not only by the quarterly dividend, but by innovative plans to stay in business, protect investment, ensure future dividends, and provide more jobs through improved product and service. In simple, direct language, he explains the principles of management transformation and how to apply them.

Out of the Crisis

2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Traditional engineering instruction is deductive, beginning with theories and progressing to the applications of those theories Alternative teaching approaches are more inductive Topics are introduced by presenting specific observations, case studies or problems, and theories are taught or the students are helped to discover them only after the need to know them has been established This study reviews several of the most commonly used inductive teaching methods, including inquiry learning, problem-based learning, project-based learning, case-based teaching, discovery learning, and just-in-time teaching The paper defines each method, highlights commonalities and specific differences, and reviews research on the effectiveness of the methods While the strength of the evidence varies from one method to another, inductive methods are consistently found to be at least equal to, and in general more effective than, traditional deductive methods for achieving a broad range of learning outcomes

Inductive Teaching and Learning Methods: Definitions, Comparisons, and Research Bases

Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より

This article focuses on the feasibility of commercial cloud services for connected vehicle (CV) applications in a transportation cyberphysical systems (TCPS) environment. TCPS implies that CVs, in addition to being connected with each other, communicate with the transportation and computing infrastructure to fulfill application requirements. The motivation of this study is to accelerate commercial cloud-based CV application development by presenting the lessons learned from implementing a CV mobility application using Amazon Web Services (AWS). The feasibility of our cloud-based CV application is assessed at three levels: 1) the development of a cloud-based TCPS architecture, 2) the deployment of a cloud-based CV application using AWS, and 3) the evaluation of the cloud-based CV application. We implemented this CV mobility application using a serverless cloud architecture and found that such a cloud-based TCPS environment could meet the permissible delay limits of CV mobility applications. As the CV penetration levels on the surface transportation systems increase significantly over the next several years, this article illustrates how the commercial cloud could automatically scale the backend infrastructure to meet the rapidly increasing demand of real-world CV applications. Through real-world experiments, we demonstrated how commercial cloud services, along with a serverless cloud architecture, can advance the transportation digital infrastructure for supporting CV mobility applications in a TCPS environment. In addition, to enable other researchers to recreate the serverless cloud computing environment in AWS efficiently and to further contribute to commercial cloud utilization for developing CV applications, an AWS CloudFormation template related to our CV mobility application is published in an open source data management platform and is referred to in this article.

Commercial Cloud Computing for Connected Vehicle Applications in Transportation Cyberphysical Systems: A Case Study

15th Intelligent Transportation Systems World Congress

Microscopic roadway traffic simulators, which attempt to mimic real-world driver behaviors, are based on car-following models. The accuracy and reliability of microscopic traffic simulation models are greatly dependent on the calibration of car-following models, which requires a large amount of real world vehicle trajectory data. In the last few decades, many car-following models have been developed; however, studies are still needed to improve their accuracy and reliability. In this research, the authors developed a process to apply a stochastic calibration method with appropriate regularization to estimate the distribution of parameters for car-following models. The calibration method is founded on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation that uses the Bayesian estimation theory. This research includes a case study, which is based on the Linear (Helly) model with a different number of vehicle trajectories in a highway network. The stochastic approach facilitated the calibration of car-following models more realistically than the deterministic method, as the deterministic algorithm can easily get stuck at a local minimum. The Bayesian approach provided better results in terms of the cost function than the deterministic optimization algorithm. With the Bayesian approach, the average mean square error per vehicle is decreased with increased number of vehicles. Analysis also revealed that the Bayesian approach predicted drivers’ acceleration and deceleration profile more closely compared to the deterministic approach considered in this study. The positive validation outcomes suggest potential efficacy of the calibration approach presented in this paper.

A Parameter Estimation and Calibration Method for Car-Following Models

Clemson, a small college town in South Carolina, deals with a massive over-saturation of its transportation system during special events, especially during home football games, resulting in total system failure. This research has developed a methodology to optimize parking, using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based transshipment algorithm, and it has produced great time savings compared with the individual, “manual” efforts of thousands of drivers attempting to find spaces where available. As such, this research constitutes an effective implementation of the Hitchcock Transportation Algorithm for solving a transshipment problem applied to parking lot distribution. Because the Hitchcock Algorithm considers the network cost for distributions, it gives very realistic solutions, and so a system equilibrium that minimizes overall system delay has been achieved through optimal parking assignment combined with pre- and post-game traffic control strategies. This has been validated using a simulation model that was developed for evaluating the strategies.

https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=civileng_pubs

Mashrur Chowdhury

Papers

Commercial Cloud Computing for Connected Vehicle Applications in Transportation Cyberphysical Systems: A Case Study

15th Intelligent Transportation Systems World Congress

A Parameter Estimation and Calibration Method for Car-Following Models

Using a GIS-based, Hitchcock algorithm to optimize parking allocations for special events

The impact of improved vehicle design on highway safety