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Using Multivariate Statistics

Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

http://apsychoserver.psychofizz.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC501A/Readings/Polich_2007_Clin_Neurophys_Review_P3s.pdf

Updating P300: An Integrative Theory of P3a and P3b

Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles.

http://download.neurosky.com/docs/papers/bcq/Klimesch_1999_EEG_alpha_and_theta_oscillations_reflect_cognitive_and_memory_performance.pdf

EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis

Cognitive task performance is a dynamic process that evolves over time, starting from the first encounters with a task. An important aspect of these task dynamics is the employment of strategies to support successful performance and task acquisition. Focusing on episodic memory performance, we: (1) tested two hypotheses on the effects of novelty and task difficulty on strategy use, (2) replicated our previous results regarding strategy use in a novel memory task, and (3) evaluated whether repeated open-ended strategy queries affect task performance and/or strategy use. The present pre-registered online study comprised 161 adult participants who were recruited through the Prolific crowdsourcing platform. We employed two separate 5-block list learning tasks, one with 10 pseudowords and the other with 18 common nouns, and collected recall performance and strategy reports for each block. Using Bayesian linear mixed effects models, the present findings (1) provide some support for the hypothesis that task-initial strategy development is not triggered only by task novelty, but can appear also in a familiar, moderately demanding task; (2) replicate earlier findings from an adaptive working memory task indicating strategy use from the beginning of a task, associations between strategy use and objective task performance, and only modest agreement between open-ended versus list-based strategy reports; and (3) indicate that repeated open-ended strategy reports do not affect objective recall. We conclude that strategy use is an important aspect of memory performance right from the start of a task, and it undergoes development at the initial stages depending on task characteristics. In a larger perspective, the present results concur with the views of skill learning and adaptivity in cognitive task performance.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1747021820980301

Stimulus novelty, task demands, and strategy use in episodic memory.

We welcome this opportunity to discuss further our study (Koivisto & Laine, 2000, this issue) and the theoretical conclusions we presented as a model on hemispheric mechanisms in semantic processing. The model put forth claims that when semantic priming occurs within the left visual field/right hemisphere (LVF/RH), it is attributable to postlexical semantic integration, and when priming can be attributed to automatic semantic activation, it only occurs within the right visual field/left hemisphere (RVF/LH). Chiarello (2000, this issue) argues in her commentary that (1) our data supporting this account are weak, (2) our model cannot accommodate the data, and (3) the support for our account from prior literature is not as strong as we claimed.

What is right and what is left in semantic processing: a reply to Chiarello.

Working memory (WM) is one of the most studied cognitive constructs in psychology, because of its relevance to human performance, including language processing. When measuring verbal WM for sentences, the reading span task is the most widely used WM measure for this purpose. However, comparable sentence-level updating tasks are missing. Hence, we sought to develop a WM updating task, which we termed the selective updating of sentences (SUS) task, which taps the ability to constantly update sentences. In two experiments with Finnish-speaking young adults, we examined the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the SUS task. It exhibited adequate internal consistency and correlated positively with well-established working memory measures. Moreover, the SUS task also showed positive correlations with verbal episodic memory tasks employing sentences and paragraphs. These results indicate that the SUS task is a promising new task for psycholinguistic studies addressing verbal WM updating.

Selective updating of sentences: Introducing a new measure of verbal working memory

EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving) is a recently developed gaming tool for objective assessment of goal-directed behavior and prospective memory (PM) in everyday contexts. This pre-registered study examined psychometric features of a new EPELI adult online version, modified from the original child version and further developed for self-administered web-based testing at home. A sample of 255 healthy adults completed EPELI where their task was to perform household chores instructed by a virtual character. The participants also filled out PM-related questionnaires and a diary and performed two conventional PM tasks and an intelligence test. We expected that the more “life-like” EPELI task would show stronger associations with conventional PM questionnaires and diary-based everyday PM reports than traditional PM tasks would do. This hypothesis did not receive support. Although EPELI was rated as more similar to everyday tasks, performance in it was not associated with the questionnaires and the diary. However, there were associations between time-monitoring behavior in EPELI and the traditional PM tasks. Taken together, online adult-EPELI was found to be a reliable method with high ecological face validity, but its convergent validity requires further research.

/pdf/assessment-of-goal-directed-behavior-with-the-3d-videogame-2jl921sh.pdf

Assessment of goal-directed behavior with the 3D videogame EPELI: Psychometric features in a web-based adult sample

Luria, A. R. (1963). Restoration of function after brain Injury. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Luria, A. R. (1965). L. S. Vygotsky and the problem of localisation of functions. Neuropsychologia, 3, 387–392. Luria, A. R. (1970). Traumatic aphasia. The Hague: Mouton. Luria, A. R. (1979). The making of mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Luria, A. R. (1981). Language and cognition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. McNeil, M., Hula, W., & Sung, J. E. (2011). The role of memory and attention in aphasic language performance. In J. Guendouzi, F. Loncke, & M. J. Williams (Eds.), The handbook of psycholinguistic and cognitive processes (pp. 551–577). New York, NY: Psychology Press. McNeil, M. R., & Doyle, P. J. (2000). Reconsidering the hegemony of linguistic explanations in aphasia: The challenge for the beginning of the millennium. Brain & Language, 71, 154–156. Salonen, L. (2012). L. S. Vygotsky’s psychology and the theory of learning applied to the rehabilitation of aphasia: A developmental and systemic view. Manuscript submitted for publication. Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1965). Psychology and localisation of functions. Neuropsychologia, 3, 381–386. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1987, 1993, 1994a, 1994b, 1997a, 1997b). The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky (Vols. 1–6). New York, NY: Plenum Press. Vygotsky, L. S. (1997a). Problems of the theory and history of psychology including the chapter on the crisis in psychology (Vol. 3). In R. W. Rieber & J. Wollock (Eds.), The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky (Vols. 1–6). New York, NY: Plenum Press. Wertsch, J. V. (1981). Vygotsky and the social formation of mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Matti Laine

Papers

Stimulus novelty, task demands, and strategy use in episodic memory.

What is right and what is left in semantic processing: a reply to Chiarello.

Selective updating of sentences: Introducing a new measure of verbal working memory

Assessment of goal-directed behavior with the 3D videogame EPELI: Psychometric features in a web-based adult sample

The role of cognitive neuropsychology in aphasiology: A response to the commentaries