There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

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Electronic Transport In Mesoscopic Systems

Time-Frequency Analysis.

Antenna Theory And Design

The nephrotic syndrome

The potential of AlGaN-based ultrawide-bandgap high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with high (> 60%) Al composition for use in high-power switching applications is studied The devices are simulated with a gate length of 2 µm, and their figures of merit are evaluated as functions of the gate-to-drain distance, operating temperature, and different substrates At room temperature (RT), the maximum drain current, ID (at a gate voltage of VGS = 2 V), ION/IOFF ratio, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing are found to be 219 mA/mm, ~ 109, −114 V, and 85 mV/decade, respectively, at a drain bias of VDS of 15 V for the device with LGD = 35 µm The breakdown voltages are calculated as 396–830 V for the devices with gate-to-drain spacing LGD varying from 35 to 95 µm, respectively The lowest OFF-state power dissipation of 073 nW/mm is found for the device with LGD = 35 µm at RT The device also shows excellent behavior at high temperatures The high-Al-content AlGaN-based HEMT with an AlN/sapphire substrate shows outstanding thermal stability and exhibits little thermal droop at high voltages These results indicate that the structure proposed herein is an excellent choice for high-power switching devices

Ultrawide-bandgap AlGaN-based HEMTs for high-power switching

Multiferroics have gained widespread acceptance for room-temperature applications such as in spintronics, ferroelectric random access memory, and transistors because of their intrinsic magnetic and ferroelectric coupling. However, a comprehensive study, establishing a correlation between the magnetic and thermal transport properties of multiferroics, is still missing from the literature. To fill the void, this work reports the temperature-dependent thermal and magnetic properties of holmium-substituted bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and their dependencies on oxygen vacancies and structural modifications. Two distinct magnetic transitions on temperature-dependent magnetic and heat capacity responses are identified. Experimental analysis suggests that the excess of oxygen vacancies shifts the magnetic transition temperature by ∼64 K. The holmium substitution-induced structural modification increases BiFeO3 heat capacity by 30% up to the antiferromagnetic phase transition temperature. Furthermore, an unsaturated heat capacity even at temperatures as high as 850 K is observed and is ascribed to anharmonicity and partial densification of the nanoparticles used during heat capacity measurements. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of BiFeO3 is ∼0.33 ± 0.11 W m-1 K-1 and remains unchanged at high temperatures due to defect scattering from porosities.

Vacancy-Induced Temperature-Dependent Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Holmium-Substituted Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticle Compacts.

Soil acidification and charland formation through alluvial sand deposition are emerging threats to food security in Bangladesh in that they endanger crop production in about 35% of its territory. The integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) is a globally accepted nutrient management approach designed to revive the damaged soils’ fertility level. Total organic carbon (TOC) in soil is a composite index of soil quality that has consequences for agricultural productivity and natural soil ecosystems. This study assesses the impacts of using biochar, compost, poultry litter, and vermicompost-based IPNS approaches on labile and TOC pools, TOC stocks, lability and management indices, and microbial populations under different cropping patterns after 2 years in acidic and charland soils. The application of IPNS treatments increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 9.1–50.0% in acidic soil and 8.8–41.2% in charland soil compared to the untreated soil, with the largest increase in poultry manure biochar (PMB). Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) rose from 20 to 180% in charland soil compared to the control, although no effect was observed in acidic soil. Basal respiration (BR) rose by 43–429% in acidic soil and 16–189% in charland soil compared to the control, exhibiting the highest value in PMB. IPNS treatments significantly improved SOC and POC but did not affect POXc and bulk density in both soils. The PMB and organic fertilizer (OF, compost)-based IPNS wielded the greatest influence on the lability index of MBC in acidic soils and the management index of MBC in both soils. This is despite the fact that IPNS did not affect the lability and management indices of active carbon (AC). IPNS treatments increased the stocks of SOC and MBC in both the soils and POC stock in acidic soil. IPNS treatments significantly boosted the bacterial and fungal populations in both soils, despite having no effect on phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Thus, PMB and OF (compost)-based IPNS may be a better nutrient management practice in degraded acidic and charland soils. This is especially the case in terms of soil quality improvement, soil carbon sequestration, and microbial enrichment.

Biochar and Compost-Based Integrated Nutrient Management: Potential for Carbon and Microbial Enrichment in Degraded Acidic and Charland Soils

This paper presents an optimization technique for microstrip antennas, designed for ambient electro-magnetic energy (AEME) harvesting application, using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Here PSO is applied in multiple levels. Using PSO, two new stripes based microstrip antennas for AEME harvesting application are designed without prior knowledge of patch or ground plane geometry. For multiple levels of PSO, each stripe of the stripes based antenna is divided in many sub-stripes. These sub-stripes are then optimized to improve the antenna performance. Utilizing PSO with single and multiple levels, two separate antennas are designed, evaluated and compared. The stripes based antenna, designed by PSO with single level, provided 96% fractional band width (FBW) at -10 dB return loss. Applying PSO with multiple levels on the same antenna, the FBW was increased to 119%.

Antenna design using particle swarm optimization

Exposure to Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE) in long term space missions, astronauts will experience both immediate and delayed impacts. To confront space radiation active and passive shielding approaches are available and deploying a suitable coupling of these two shields can be a good solution. This paper presents a combined radiation shield comprising an active toroidal shield with an additional 10 cm layer of a passive shield made of Kevlar or Water-soaked hygienic wipes (WSHW). The active shield can deflect protons with energy around 575 MeV, and it can deflect higher Z particles (Alpha, Fe) up to 190 MeV/n. The shielding effectiveness of Kevlar and Water-soaked hygienic wipes was investigated with Monte Carlo simulations. The shielding properties were studied using proton, alpha, and Fe ions with energies of 1 GeV/n. WSHW has shown greater radiation shielding efficiency than Kevlar. For Kevlar, the rate of total absorbed dose reduction for proton, alpha, and Fe ion is 3.47%, 43.36%, and 44.53% respectively and for WSHW, the rate is 4.2%, 45.13%, and 59.87% respectively. Results are also compared with Polyethylene (PE). The shortcomings of this form of shield are also briefly covered as well. • Coupling of active and passive shielding. • Deflection of HZE particles with a magnetic field. • Efficacy of Kevlar and water-soaked hygienic wipes within a combined radiation shield for astroparticle shielding. • Absorbed dose reduction scenario for utilizing an additional layer attached with the active shield by Geant4 (MULASSIS). 

Md. Rafiqul Islam

Papers

Ultrawide-bandgap AlGaN-based HEMTs for high-power switching

Vacancy-Induced Temperature-Dependent Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Holmium-Substituted Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticle Compacts.

Biochar and Compost-Based Integrated Nutrient Management: Potential for Carbon and Microbial Enrichment in Degraded Acidic and Charland Soils

Antenna design using particle swarm optimization

Effectiveness of Kevlar and water-soaked hygienic wipes in a combined radiation shield for manned long termed space missions