Showing papers by "Michael Horowitz published in 2000"
TL;DR: The data suggest that aging women should maintain 25(OH)D concentrations >40 nmol/L (which is the lower limit of the normal range for healthy young subjects) for optimal bone health.
183 citations
TL;DR: Healthy aging is associated with decreased perception of gastric distension without any change in fasting gastric compliance and with reduced gastric tone late in the postprandial period when compared with the young.
Abstract: Background: Healthy aging is associated with a reduction in appetite and food intake, which may predispose to pathologic weight loss and malnutrition. Changes in intragastric mechanisms mediating satiation in the elderly have not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging on i) fasting gastric compliance and the perception of gastric distension, and ii) food intake and gastric accommodation to a meal. Methods: Five healthy older (aged 68-73 years) and five healthy young (aged 22-27 years) men, matched for body mass index, were each studied on three occasions after an overnight fast. On one day ('barostat day'), isovolumetric and isobaric distensions of the proximal stomach were performed, and meal-induced changes in intrabag volume were measured with an electronic barostat. On another day ('tube-only day') subjects were intubated with a nasogastric tube without an intragastric bag before the meal. On the 3rd day (control day) subjects were given the meal without intubation. E...
78 citations
TL;DR: In unselected patients with type 1 diabetes, the perception of gastric distension during euglycemia is increased compared with healthy controls, and hyperglycemia increases proximal gastric compliance.
63 citations
TL;DR: Fructose and glucose have comparable effects on antropyloric pressures, and fructose tends to suppress food intake more than glucose, despite similar GLP-1 and less GIP release, and GIP probably accounts for the greater insulin response to glucose than fructose.
Abstract: Oral fructose empties from the stomach more rapidly and may suppress food intake more than oral glucose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of intraduodenal infusions of fructose ...
61 citations
TL;DR: In IBS patients, the presence of dyspepsia is associated with H. pylori infection, female gender, and perceived stress, andSymptom intensity was associated with the level of perceived stress.
52 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the acute effect of exogenous CCK-8 on basal pyloric pressure, but not appetite, is modulated by physiological changes in the blood glucose concentration.
Abstract: Recent studies suggest that the interaction between small intestinal nutrient stimulation and the blood glucose concentration is important in the regulation of gastric motility and appetite. The pu...
46 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that BMD and bone turnover in adult men are related to plasma free androgens.
42 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to determine whether the effects of erythromycin on antropyloroduodenal motility, including the organization of antral pressure waves, are modified by hyperglycemia.
31 citations
TL;DR: These results indicate that, in adults who have had pyloromyotomy for IHPS in infancy, patterns of pyloric motility are abnormal, whereas the overall rate of gastric emptying of a nutrient liquid meal is normal, consistent with the concept that the stomach has the capacity to compensate for changes in pylric motility to minimize effects on gastric emptied.
27 citations
TL;DR: The perimenopause is associated with a fall in calcium absorption, which is only in part attributable to a drop in calcitriol levels.
Abstract: Objective Cross-sectional studies suggest that the rise in calcium requirement at the menopause may be attributable, at least in part, to a fall in intestinal calcium absorption. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the menopause on intestinal calcium absorption and the relationship between any change in calcium absorption and serum calcitriol.Methods Radiocalcium absorption and serum calcitriol were measured in 72 women aged 47.3 (standard error, SE 0.19) years who were initially premenopausal (as judged by menstrual history and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)) and again 18 months later.Results Calcium absorption fell at the second visit from 0.72 (0.029)/h to 0.64 (0.029)/h (p = 0.003). Serum calcitriol had also fallen at the second visit from 124 (4.2) pmol/l to 111 (4.0) pmol/l (p = 0.007). At that visit, serum FSH exceeded the premenopausal reference range in 11 subjects and the menstrual cycle had become irregular in 24 of them. In the 11 women with raised FSH at the ...
22 citations
TL;DR: The acute administration of 0.5 g Ca in the morning and evening reduced the markers of bone resorption in early postmenopausal women during the day but not during the following night, whereas the single 1 g supplement had the reverse effect.
Abstract: We have previously shown that a calcium (Ca) supplement of 1000 mg given in the evening reduces the overnight and early morning, but not the daytime, excretion of bone resorption markers in postmenopausal women within five years of the menopause. In the present study, we have looked at the effect of splitting the Ca into two doses of 500 mg each given in the morning and evening. We studied 19 healthy women (median age 53 years) who were all within 5 years of the menopause. On the 2 study days, urine was collected from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. (day collection), and from 9 p.m. to 9 a.m. (night collection); a further fasting (spot) urine sample was obtained at 9 a.m. at the end of the night collection. The first day was a control day; on the second day the subjects ingested 500 mg Ca as the carbonate at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. We measured pyridinoline cross-links excretion in all the samples, as well as hydroxyproline in the fasting urine. The Ca supplements lowered urinary excretion of the markers during the day (P < 0.01), had only a marginal effect during the night, but reduced excretion significantly in the fasting urine (P < 0.001). In the whole 24-hour period, the falls in resorption markers were small but comparable to those seen after the ingestion of 1 g of Ca in the evening. We conclude that the acute administration of 0.5 g Ca in the morning and evening reduced the markers of bone resorption in early postmenopausal women during the day but not during the following night, whereas the single 1 g supplement had the reverse effect. Over the 24-hour period, there was nothing to choose between the two regimes. Women at this stage in their life cycle probably require a larger Ca supplement if they are not taking estrogen.
TL;DR: Fat mass increases in response to both SD photoperiod and OVX and they have additive effects, and alterations in UCP2 mRNA expression may mediate the effect of OvX, but not photoperperiod; and UCP 2 mRNA is differentially regulated in muscle and fat.
TL;DR: The prevalence of GI symptoms in diabetes, in particular those associated with dysmotility of the GI tract, are strongly associated with poor glycemic control.
TL;DR: It is concluded that hyperglycemia attenuates the stimulation of antral pressures and propagated antral sequences by erythromycin, but not the effects of erystromycin on pyloric or duodenal motility.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: There must be few fields of clinical medicine that are subject to as much confusion as osteoporosis; there have been many excellent trials, but their clinical application is slow, and clinical results are seldom published.
Abstract: There must be few fields of clinical medicine that are subject to as much confusion as osteoporosis. The diagnosis in any particular case is frequently uncertain, and may vary from specialist to specialist. There are no agreed investigation protocols, for diagnosing osteoporosis and the treatment tends to be arbitrary and stereotyped. There have been many excellent trials, but their clinical application is slow, and clinical results are seldom published.
TL;DR: Although the pattern of propagated antral contractions and solid gastric emptying remains unchanged after PGV, there is an increase in the amplitude and duration of distal antralcontractions, which may compensate for loss of proximal gastric pumping mechanisms.