Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 2000"

TL;DR: Whether intracerebroventricular administration of insulin improves memory formation in rats is determined and rats receiving insulin after being shocked had an increased latency to enter the dark compartment, compared to those rats that had received saline or heat-deactivated insulin after shock.

TL;DR: Women who were exposed to orange odor had a lower level of state anxiety, a more positive mood, and a higher level of calmness, which support the previous notion of sedative properties of the natural essential oil of orange (Citrus sinensis).

TL;DR: The data suggest that prenatal stress impairs spatial learning in males but not in females, and changes in corticosterone levels were altered in PS females and not in PS males; i.e., prenatal stress-induced changes in Corticosterone secretion were not paralleled by prenatal Stress-induced deficits in spatial learning.

TL;DR: The blunted circadian rhythm in cortisol in barren-housed pigs similarily may reflect decreased welfare and is suggested to be age-dependent and often recorded during states of chronic stress in pigs and rats or during depression in humans.

TL;DR: Voluntarily exercising rats ran in running wheels attached to their home cage for 7 weeks prior to and throughout testing, and took 30% fewer trials to acquire criterion performance than sedentary controls, but group differences were not apparent.

TL;DR: Results show that IL-6 released at the periphery and /or in the central nervous system plays a role in the behavioral response to LPS and IL-1.

TL;DR: The association of perceived taste intensities with tongue anatomy now provides a new tool for psychophysics and the ability of a psychophysical scale to provide across-subject comparisons can be assessed through its ability to show the fungiform papillae density-taste association.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the stress of the modified multiple platform method can be attenuated in stable groups, and the introduction of a grid on the tank floor may serve an adequate environmental control as far as stress-related variables are considered.

TL;DR: The present study suggests that the increased fearfulness of prenatally stressed rats may be a consequence of increased activity of CRFergic systems in the amygdala.

TL;DR: Monitoring spontaneous meal patterns in intact, cycling female rats with and without access to running wheels found that running wheel access decreased dark meal frequency, increased dark meal size, and increased 24-h water intake during each phase of the ovarian cycle.

TL;DR: It appears that leptin can act within the central nervous sytstem of birds to decrease food intake and water intake in both broilers and Leghorns in a dose-dependent manner.

TL;DR: How the use of an ethological approach to measuring plus-maze behavior can support accurate interpretation of other exceptional profiles in this test is discussed, such as those possibly arising from phenotyping of transgenic and gene knockout mice.

TL;DR: There was no significant change in liking for the monotonous diet over the study period, and nutritional deprivation is not a necessary condition for food cravings, and elderly subjects were not responsive to the monotony manipulation.

TL;DR: This study does not support a satiety effect of HCA, and the active treatment group did not exhibit better dietary compliance or significant correlations between appetitive variables and energy intake or weight change.

TL;DR: Self-reported food preferences and self-reported frequencies of consumption for the same foods were also linked, and subjects who perceived the foods as more bitter also rated them as less pleasant and less acceptable.

TL;DR: Food intake is measured in the rat in response to leptin and orexin-A to determine their electrophysiological effects on feeding related hypothalamic neurons and to discuss hypothalamic neural circuits that are sensitive to endogenous food intake inducing and reducing substances.

TL;DR: The present results suggest that an enhanced serotonin function in HS subjects may be involved in the CR/PP diet condition, suggesting an increased ability to cope with stress.

TL;DR: It was found that most meals that are self-selected are palatable and that only 9.3% are rated as unpalatable, which suggests that palatability operates similarly on intake regardless of culture.

TL;DR: A lightweight global position system (GPS) data logger that records the flight of pigeons and the path of dogs with an accuracy of +/-12 m and a module of the public domain software WINTRACK permits a detailed numerical and graphical analysis of path geometry, phases of resting and moving, and path similarity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a manifestation of a genetically determined anxiety level appeared to be abnormal neural responsiveness of the gastrointestinal tract leading to visceral hypersensitivity in high-anxiety animals.

TL;DR: Across-meal variety was operationally defined as the varying of a midday meal, whereas monotony was defined as serving the same midday meal for 5 days, suggesting how variety impacts normal varied eating.

TL;DR: The data suggest that females may be better at working memory when both working and reference memory information must be learned simultaneously, and males better at reference memory when it has been differentiated from working memory.

TL;DR: It is concluded that adolescent and adult rats exhibit similar sensitivity to the rewarding effects of morphine and cocaine, and the magnitude of place conditioning expressed for morphine or cocaine is not differences between adolescents and adults.

TL;DR: Analysis of distributed codes for a series of blend ratios of binary mixtures reveals that the qualities of individual compounds are probably not lost when mixed, and allows spiny lobsters to perceive complex odors as a set of elemental cues if the salience of the components is sufficiently high.

TL;DR: It is suggested that viewing emotional stimuli results in asymmetrical changes in brain temperature, in particular increased right Tty during the negative emotion condition, evidence of emotional arousal in chimpanzees, and in providing partial support of both the Right Hemisphere and Valence Theories of emotional lateralization in the authors' closest living ancestor.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that peripheral serotonergic activity may be involved in the normal sexual response cycle, and exogenous substances that alter serotonin activity, such as selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and the atypical antipsychotics, can produce sexual dysfunction.

TL;DR: It is concluded that fever and tachycardia might indicate the existence of emotion in birds and that handling causes a fever in birds.

TL;DR: Circadian differences in behaviour in the FST may be related to parallel alterations in the ability of animals to adapt to exposure to stress.

TL;DR: In this paper, heart rate and electroencephalogram spectral power were assessed during sleep, a state free of most sources of artifact contaminating indices of tonic arousal, and the relationship of rapid-eye-movement (REM) betaband power to NREM beta-band power was different in PTSD patients and controls.

TL;DR: Data indicate, in agreement with previous studies, that anxiety may favour, or at least not alter, the processes of information of relatively simple tasks, such as reaction time, and further suggest that adverse changes in moods could modulate performance negatively.