Mona S. Calvo

TL;DR: Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry measurements of femoral bone mineral density (BMD) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) are used to estimate the overall scope of the disease in the older U.S. population and explore different approaches for defining low BMD in older men in that age range.

TL;DR: The updated data on BMD for the total femur ROI of NHW have been selected as the reference database for femur standardization efforts by the International Committee on Standards in Bone Measurements.

TL;DR: It is suggested that vitamin D deficiency is unlikely in the two seasonal subpopulations of noninstitutionalized adolescents and adults that can be validly assessed in NHANES III and that insufficiency occurred fairly frequently in younger individuals, especially in the winter/lower latitude subsample.

TL;DR: Cross-sectional studies suggest that current US/Canadian fortification practices are not effective in preventing hypovitaminosis D, particularly among vulnerable populations during the winter, whereas supplement use shows more promise.

TL;DR: Bone markers can be used for a variety of important purposes: as tools for basic bone biology research, for defining general physiological phenomenon in clinical studies or drug trials, and for following individual patients.