N. Hinkley

TL;DR: The development and operation of two optical lattice clocks are described, both using spin-polarized, ultracold atomic ytterbium, and an unprecedented atomic clock instability of 1.6 × 10–18 after only 7 hours of averaging is demonstrated.

TL;DR: Local optical clock measurements that surpass the current ability to account for the gravitational distortion of space-time across the surface of Earth are demonstrated and improved techniques allow the measurement of a frequency difference with an uncertainty of the order of 10–19 between two independent optical lattice clocks, suggesting that they may be able to improve state-of-the-art geodetic techniques.

TL;DR: In this paper, a zero-dead-time optical clock based on interleaved interrogation of two cold-atom ensembles has been proposed to overcome the Dick effect, which results in an aliasing of frequency noise from the laser interrogating the atomic transition.

TL;DR: In this paper, two independent ytterbium optical lattice clocks were used to demonstrate unprecedented levels in three fundamental benchmarks of clock performance: systematic uncertainty of $1.4, measurement instability of $3.2, and reproducibility characterised by ten blinded frequency comparisons, yielding a frequency difference of $[-7 \pm (5)stat} \pm(8)_{sys}] \times 10^{-19}

TL;DR: In this paper, an in-vacuum radiation shield that furnishes a uniform, well-characterized BBR environment for the atoms in an ytterbium optical lattice clock is presented.