Nathan T. Hancock

TL;DR: Results show that reverse transport of solutes through commercially available FO membranes range between 80 mg to nearly 3,000 mg per liter of water produced, and monovalent ions and uncharged solutes exhibit higher permeation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmo-sis (PRO) studies.

TL;DR: A recent review as mentioned in this paper focuses on the successful development and demonstration of forward osmosis membrane treatment systems, supported by a review of bench-scale, pilot, and demonstration studies on treatment of O&G waste streams, landfill leachates, centrate from anaerobic digesters, activated sludge in membrane bioreactors, and liquid foods and beverages.

TL;DR: An NH3/CO2 forward osmosis (FO) membrane brine concentrator (MBC) pilot was tested in the desalination of frac flowback and produced waters from natural gas extraction operations in the Marcellus shale region as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: To produce large volumes of newly discovered unconventional gas, hydraulic fracturing of wells is commonly practiced in basins where shale gas and coal bed methane are extracted as mentioned in this paper, which successfully removing fouling and restoring water flux.