Showing papers in "Desalination in 2013"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a cost analysis of the reverse osmosis process and the main parameters influencing the total water cost produced by different desalination technologies, including capital and operating costs, as well as local incentives or subsidies.

TL;DR: The incorporation of nanoparticles into polymeric membranes has been the trend in the field of membrane research recently as discussed by the authors, and nanoparticles could produce synergistic effects when incorporated with different types of materials.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of polymeric membrane fabrication techniques for pressure driven membrane processes and membrane distillation is discussed, the fabrication technique, properties of the fabricated membranes and performance in water desalination are related.

TL;DR: In the last years, anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology is being considered as a very appealing alternative for wastewater treatment due to the significant advantages over conventional anaerobobic treatment and aerobic membrane bioresistability as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Graphene oxide (GO) dispersed polysulfone (PSf) mixed matrix membranes were prepared by wet phase inversion method in this paper, where the morphology of membranes was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the rejection of heavy metal ions using a commercial nanofiltration membrane (NF270) and explore the effect of feed pH, pressure and metal concentration on the metal rejections and permeate flux and in some cases permeate pH was explored.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a standard methodology for testing of ODMP membranes based on experience gained and operating conditions used in forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmo-sis (PRO) studies.

TL;DR: An NH3/CO2 forward osmosis (FO) membrane brine concentrator (MBC) pilot was tested in the desalination of frac flowback and produced waters from natural gas extraction operations in the Marcellus shale region as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the main features of membrane distillation along with its basic principles are presented and the efforts of researchers in coupling MD with solar energy and their cost estimates are reviewed as well.

TL;DR: To produce large volumes of newly discovered unconventional gas, hydraulic fracturing of wells is commonly practiced in basins where shale gas and coal bed methane are extracted as mentioned in this paper, which successfully removing fouling and restoring water flux.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the energy consumption of MCDI, and the fraction of energy that can be recovered during the ion desorption step of the MCDi, as a function of influent concentration, water flow rate and water recovery.

TL;DR: An overview of the properties of aquaporins, their preparation and characterization and the challenges in exploiting the remarkable properties are discussed, and various attempts to construct aquaporin in membranes for desalination are presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of most studies carried out on these issues and some useful equations and information in this context are reported and compare to other separation processes used in desalination.

TL;DR: In this article, an adaption desalination (AD) cycle with low-temperature waste heat, which is available in abundance from either the renewable energy sources or exhaust of industrial processes, is described.

TL;DR: In this article, the electrosorption selectivity of cations can be determined by the ionic charge, hydrated radius, and initial molar concentration, which can be further enhanced by increasing the applied voltage.

TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in MDC design and performance, safety issues related to the use of MDCs with wastewater, and areas that need to be examined to achieve practical application of this new technology can be found in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration membrane has been developed via interfacial incorporation of aminosilanized TiO2 nanoparticles.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the separation of lithium from salt lake brines by NF and LPRO and obtained a total separation between Li+ and Na+ with a diffusion flux (4.42 10−−7−mol).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an in-depth insight on the utilization of CNTs to heighten the performance of the available seawater and brackish water desalination in a holistic manner.

TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art developments and breakthrough in the surface modified and nanoparticles incorporated polyamide thin film composite (PA-TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are focused and summarized combining with the prospects.

TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of using Membrane Distillation (MD) technology to desalinate brines from thermal desalination plants was evaluated and the performance of different MD membranes was compared under various operating conditions using synthetic saline solutions and seawater from the Arabian Gulf.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the information on methods for boron removal and its development is presented, showing the direction of its development and providing promising features for technological approach.

TL;DR: The economics of membrane distillation and common seawater desalination methods including multi effect distillation (MED), multistage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are compared in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, switchable polarity solvents (SPS), mixtures of carbon dioxide, water, and tertiary amines, are presented as viable forward osmosis (FO) draw solutes allowing a novel SPS FO process.

TL;DR: In this article, the removal of emerging contaminants from municipal wastewaters using a pilot system that integrated ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO), and electrooxidation, which mineralized the RO concentrate.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of membrane pore size is investigated for the produced water, and the effect of feed flow rate, coolant temperature and feed temperature on permeate flux is studied.

TL;DR: In this article, polysulfone (PSf) substrates with different properties were made by varying the polymer concentration in the dope solution in the range 12-20% polyamide (PA) thin layers were then formed via interfacial polymerization between piperazine and trimethylchloride over the PSf substrates.

TL;DR: In this article, a modification of the stepped solar still through internal reflectors was presented, and the effect of installing a reflecting mirror on the vertical sides of the steps of the step was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness of the bioprocess in delaying membrane wetting and the significance of the biofouling on flux decline was investigated. But, the results were limited to 13 days and the MDBR flux was not maintained at more than 6.8 L/m 2 h.

TL;DR: In this article, a phase change material (PCM) was added to the concentrator-coupled hemispherical basin solar still to augment the efficiency and distillate yield.