ContextProgressive heart failure is the most common mechanism of death among
patients with advanced heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization, a pacemaker-based
therapy for heart failure, enhances cardiac performance and quality of life,
but its effect on mortality is uncertain.ObjectiveTo determine whether cardiac resynchronization reduces mortality from
progressive heart failure.Data SourcesMEDLINE (1966-2002), EMBASE (1980-2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials
Register (Second Quarter, 2002), The National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov
database, the US Food and Drug Administration Web site, and reports presented
at scientific meetings (1994-2002). Search terms included pacemaker, pacing, heart
failure, dual-site, multisite, biventricular, resynchronization, and left ventricular preexcitation.Study SelectionEligible studies were randomized controlled trials of cardiac resynchronization
for the treatment of chronic symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Eligible
studies reported death, hospitalization for heart failure, or ventricular
arrhythmia as outcomes. Of the 6883 potentially relevant reports initially
identified, 11 reports of 4 randomized trials with 1634 total patients were
included in the meta-analysis.Data ExtractionTrial reports were reviewed independently by 2 investigators in an unblinded
standardized manner.Data SynthesisFollow-up in the included trials ranged from 3 to 6 months. Pooled data
from the 4 selected studies showed that cardiac resynchronization reduced
death from progressive heart failure by 51% relative to controls (odds ratio
[OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-0.93). Progressive heart failure
mortality was 1.7% for cardiac resynchronization patients and 3.5% for controls.
Cardiac resynchronization also reduced heart failure hospitalization by 29%
(OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.96) and showed a trend toward reducing all-cause
mortality (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.51-1.18). Cardiac resynchronization was not
associated with a statistically significant effect on non–heart failure
mortality (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.65-2.02). Among patients with implantable cardioverter
defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization had no clear impact on ventricular
tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.67-1.27).ConclusionsCardiac resynchronization reduces mortality from progressive heart failure
in patients with symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. This finding suggests
that cardiac resynchronization may have a substantial impact on the most common
mechanism of death among patients with advanced heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization
also reduces heart failure hospitalization and shows a trend toward reducing
all-cause mortality.

Cardiac resynchronization and death from progressive heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background— Left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) has emerged as a therapeutic target using cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in selected patients with chronic heart failure. Current methods used to evaluate LVMD are technically difficult and do not assess LVMD of the whole LV simultaneously. We developed and validated real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) as a novel method to assess global LVMD. Methods and Results— Eighty-nine healthy volunteers and 174 unselected patients referred for routine echocardiography underwent 2D echocardiography and RT3DE. RT3DE data sets provided time-volume analysis for global and segmental LV volumes. A systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) was derived from the dispersion of time to minimum regional volume for all 16 LV segments. Healthy subjects and patients with normal LV systolic function had highly synchronized segmental function (SDI, 3.5±1.8% and 4.5±2.4%; P=0.7). SDI increased with worsening LV systolic function regardless of QRS duration (mild, 5.4...

Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography A Novel Technique to Quantify Global Left Ventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony

https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/hrthm/hrt00912001524.pdf

2012 EHRA/HRS expert consensus statement on cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure : implant and follow-up recommendations and management

Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony by speckle tracking strain imaging comparison between longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Optimal Left Ventricular Lead Position Predicts Reverse Remodeling and Survival After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Aims To assess if myocardial deformation imaging allows definition of an optimal left ventricular (LV) lead position with improved effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on LV reverse remodelling. Methods Circumferential strain imaging based on tracking of acoustic markers within 2D echo images (GE Ultrasound) was performed in 47 heart failure patients (59+ 9 years, 28 men) at baseline, one day postoperatively, 3 and 10 months after initiation of CRT. Myocardial deformation imaging was used to determine 1 the segment with latest peak negative systolic circumferential strain prior to CRT, and 2 the segment with maximal temporal difference of peak strain before-to-on CRT as the segment with greatest benefit of CRT and assumed LV lead position. Anatomic LV lead position was determined by fluoroscopy. Optimal LV lead position was defined as concordance or immediate neighbouring of the segment with latest systolic strain prior to CRT and segment with assumed LV lead position. Results Agreement of assumed LV lead position based on strain analysis and LV lead position defined by fluoroscopy were high (kappa ¼ 0.847). At 10 month follow-up, there was greater increase of EF (12+ 3 vs. 7+ 4%, P , 0.001), greater decrease of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (23+ 8 vs. 13+ 7 mL, P , 0.001) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) (42+ 10 vs. 27+ 8 mL, P , 0.001), and greater increase of VO2max (2.8+ 0.8 vs. 1.9+ 1.0 mL/kg/min, P ¼ 0.035) in the optimal (n ¼ 28 patients) compared to the non-optimal LV lead position group (n ¼ 19 patients). The distance between segment with latest systolic strain prior to CRT and segment with assumed LV lead position was the only independent predictor of DLVEDV and DLVESV at 10 month follow-up (R 2 ¼ 0.2175, P ¼ 0.0197) and (R 2 ¼ 0.3774, P ¼ 0.0054), respectively. Conclusion Detailed analysis of the myocardial contraction sequence using circumferential strain imaging allows determination of the LV lead position in CRT. Optimal LV lead position in CRT defined by circumferential strain analysis results in greater improvement in LV function and more LV reverse remodelling than non-optimal LV lead position.

/pdf/impact-of-left-ventricular-lead-position-in-cardiac-1v2r8cadz2.pdf

Impact of left ventricular lead position in cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular remodelling. A circumferential strain analysis based on 2D echocardiography

Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular Doppler indices in patients with congestive heart failure.

A 25-year-old woman was admitted for recurring left-sided chest pain of increasing intensity since 2 h. The initial ECG was unremarkable, but troponin I levels were elevated (2.2 µg/L). Thrombotic occlusion of the left circumflex artery was diagnosed by coronary angiography and sucessfully recanalized. Transthoracic echocardiography showed normal global left ventricular …

/pdf/a-coronary-embolus-originating-from-the-interatrial-septum-2x9jhkphr1.pdf

A coronary embolus originating from the interatrial septum.

/pdf/rekomendatsii-po-elektrokardiostimuliatsii-i-serdechnoi-3xr11nrhf8.pdf

Ole-A Breithardt

Papers

Impact of left ventricular lead position in cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular remodelling. A circumferential strain analysis based on 2D echocardiography

Acute effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular Doppler indices in patients with congestive heart failure.

A coronary embolus originating from the interatrial septum.

Рекомендации по электрокардиостимуляции и сердечной ресинхронизирующей терапии.esc 2013

Association of NT-proBNP with severity of heart valve disease in a medical patient population presenting with acute dyspnea or peripheral edema.