Paul J. Van den Brink

TL;DR: The principal response curve method (PRC) as discussed by the authors is based on redundancy analysis (RDA), adjusted for overall changes in community response over time, as observed in control test systems.

TL;DR: The sensitivity distributions of freshwater arthropods were similar for both field and laboratory exposure, and the lower HC5 estimate was protective of adverse ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems, which was generally protective of single applications of insecticide but not of continuous or multiple applications.

TL;DR: Geographic location was found to be the only factor influencing chemical ingredient application patterns in the majority of the studied farm groups, and these farm groups utilised the largest amount of chemicals relative to production, with feed additives and plant extracts, probiotics, and disinfectants, being the most used chemical classes.

TL;DR: The main focus is on assessing whether the presence of the nanoformulation introduces potential differences relative to the conventional active ingredients, and the proposed changes in the test methodology, research priorities, and recommendations would facilitate the development of regulatory approaches and a regulatory framework for nanopesticides.

TL;DR: Ecological modeling based on species traits (representing life-history traits, population vulnerability, sensitivity to toxicants, and sensitivity to climate change) can be a promising approach for predicting combined impacts of GCC and toxicants on populations and communities.