Most of the signal processing that we will study in this course involves local operations on a signal, namely transforming the signal by applying linear combinations of values in the neighborhood of each sample point. You are familiar with such operations from Calculus, namely, taking derivatives and you are also familiar with this from optics namely blurring a signal. We will be looking at sampled signals only. Let's start with a few basic examples. Local difference Suppose we have a 1D image and we take the local difference of intensities, DI(x) = 1 2 (I(x + 1) − I(x − 1)) which give a discrete approximation to a partial derivative. (We compute this for each x in the image.) What is the effect of such a transformation? One key idea is that such a derivative would be useful for marking positions where the intensity changes. Such a change is called an edge. It is important to detect edges in images because they often mark locations at which object properties change. These can include changes in illumination along a surface due to a shadow boundary, or a material (pigment) change, or a change in depth as when one object ends and another begins. The computational problem of finding intensity edges in images is called edge detection. We could look for positions at which DI(x) has a large negative or positive value. Large positive values indicate an edge that goes from low to high intensity, and large negative values indicate an edge that goes from high to low intensity. Example Suppose the image consists of a single (slightly sloped) edge:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31307/01456462.pdf

Linear systems

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

We provide a comprehensive overview of mathematical models and analytical techniques for millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular systems. The two fundamental physical differences from conventional sub-6-GHz cellular systems are: 1) vulnerability to blocking and 2) the need for significant directionality at the transmitter and/or receiver, which is achieved through the use of large antenna arrays of small individual elements. We overview and compare models for both of these factors, and present a baseline analytical approach based on stochastic geometry that allows the computation of the statistical distributions of the downlink signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and also the per link data rate, which depends on the SINR as well as the average load. There are many implications of the models and analysis: 1) mmWave systems are significantly more noise-limited than at sub-6 GHz for most parameter configurations; 2) initial access is much more difficult in mmWave; 3) self-backhauling is more viable than in sub-6-GHz systems, which makes ultra-dense deployments more viable, but this leads to increasingly interference-limited behavior; and 4) in sharp contrast to sub-6-GHz systems cellular operators can mutually benefit by sharing their spectrum licenses despite the uncontrolled interference that results from doing so. We conclude by outlining several important extensions of the baseline model, many of which are promising avenues for future research.

Modeling and Analyzing Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems

The combination of millimeter-wave communications, arrays with a massive number of antennas, and small cell geometries is a symbiotic convergence of technologies that has the potential to dramatically improve wireless access and throughput. This article outlines the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions associated with cellular networks that incorporate these technologies.

Millimeter-wave massive MIMO: the next wireless revolution?

IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of integrated circuits and systems : a publication of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society

A new second-order all-pass filter with maximum achievable delay-bandwidth-product (DBW) is presented. The proposed circuit will be used as a wideband delay element in impulse radio ultra-wideband transceivers. Benefiting from a simple architecture, the proposed circuit achieves a 60 ps delay across a 10 GHz bandwidth, which is the largest delay ever reported over such a wide bandwidth. In addition, the most noticeable advantage of this delay circuit is the small variation of group delay across a wide frequency range, which means negligibly small phase distortion introduced by the circuit.

CMOS wideband analogue delay stage

This brief presents the design and implementation of a 40-GHz flip-flop-based frequency divider which incorporates a novel latch topology with two distinct tail current sources and an enabled cross-coupled pair during the tracking mode. The proposed topology will speed up the latch operation and increase the driving capability. It is capable of performing frequency division at 40 GHz without shunt or series peaking inductors. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.18-mum SiGe BiCMOS process, where only CMOS transistors were used. It draws an average current of 5 mA from a 1.8-V supply voltage

A 40-GHz Flip-Flop-Based Frequency Divider

The design of a CMOS 22-29 GHz pulse-radar receiver (RX) front-end for ultra-wideband (UWB) automotive radar sensors is presented. Fabricated in a 0.18 mum CMOS process, the 3 mm2 RX chip achieves a conversion gain of 35-38.1 dB, noise figure of 5.5-7.4 dB and input return loss less than -14.5 dB in the 22-29 GHz band. The phase noise of the constituent QVCO is -107 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a center frequency of 26.5 GHz. The total dc power dissipation of the RX including LO/output buffers is 131 mW.

A CMOS 22-29GHz Receiver Front-End for UWB Automotive Pulse-Radars

Conventional multi-antenna receiver front-ends require multiple RF/baseband chains and analog-to-digital converters (ADC). This increases power consumption and chip area substantially. In this letter, we introduce a new Code-Modulated Path-Sharing Multi-Antenna (CPMA) receiver architecture suitable for any multi-antenna scheme including spatial multiplexing, spatial diversity, and beamforming. The receiver uses code modulation to distinguish the antenna signals before combining them in the analog domain. The combined signal propagates through shared-path blocks and all the original signals are later recovered in the digital domain for further processing. Due to the spread spectrum nature of code modulation, a larger bandwidth is needed for the blocks in the shared path. To alleviate this effect, the use of non-orthogonal coding is examined. An effective channel matrix is derived and the system capacity is evaluated in terms of the cross-correlation between signature codes. Implementation and code selection issues are discussed. Analysis and simulation results indicate that by properly selecting non-orthogonal code sets, the spreading factor, and therefore, the overall analog signal bandwidth is reduced while incurring minimal performance degradation.

Code-modulated path-sharing multi-antenna receivers: theory and analysis

Design and implementation of a W-band on-chip bowtie-shaped slot antenna fabricated in 180-nm BiCMOS process is presented, and its performance and limitations are discussed. This antenna has a measured impedance bandwidth (S11 <; -10 dB) across the W-band frequency range and a very wide gain bandwidth, making it a candidate for wideband applications. The measured gain for this antenna is 0-1 dBi at 94 GHz. This letter also analyzes the influence of the RF probe to the on-chip antenna performance.

/pdf/investigation-of-a-wideband-bicmos-fully-on-chip-w-band-1njkwtu2a9.pdf

Payam Heydari

Papers

CMOS wideband analogue delay stage

A 40-GHz Flip-Flop-Based Frequency Divider

A CMOS 22-29GHz Receiver Front-End for UWB Automotive Pulse-Radars

Code-modulated path-sharing multi-antenna receivers: theory and analysis

Investigation of a Wideband BiCMOS Fully On-Chip $W$ -Band Bowtie Slot Antenna