There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques

This handbook looks to provide academics and students with a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the phenomenon of innovation. Innovation spans a number of fields within the social sciences and humanities: Management, Economics, Geography, Sociology, Politics, Psychology, and History. Consequently, the rapidly increasing body of literature on innovation is characterized by a multitude of perspectives based on, or cutting across, existing disciplines and specializations. Scholars of innovation can come from such diverse starting points that much of this literature can be missed, and so constructive dialogues missed. The editors of The Oxford Handbook of Innovation have carefully selected and designed twenty-one contributions from leading academic experts within their particular field, each focusing on a specific aspect of innovation. These have been organized into four main sections, the first of which looks at the creation of innovations, with particular focus on firms and networks. Section Two provides an account of the wider systematic setting influencing innovation and the role of institutions and organizations in this context. Section Three explores some of the diversity in the working of innovation over time and across different sectors of the economy, and Section Four focuses on the consequences of innovation with respect to economic growth, international competitiveness, and employment. An introductory overview, concluding remarks, and guide to further reading for each chapter, make this handbook a key introduction and vital reference work for researchers, academics, and advanced students of innovation. Contributors to this volume - Jan Fagerberg, University of Oslo William Lazonick, INSEAD Walter W. Powell, Stanford University Keith Pavitt, SPRU Alice Lam, Brunel University Keith Smith, INTECH Charles Edquist, Linkoping David Mowery, University of California, Berkeley Mary O'Sullivan, INSEAD Ove Granstrand, Chalmers Bjorn Asheim, University of Lund Rajneesh Narula, Copenhagen Business School Antonello Zanfei, Urbino Kristine Bruland, University of Oslo Franco Malerba, University of Bocconi Nick Von Tunzelmann, SPRU Ian Miles, University of Manchester Bronwyn Hall, University of California, Berkeley Bart Verspagen , ECIS Francisco Louca, ISEG Manuel M. Godinho, ISEG Richard R. Nelson, Mario Pianta, Urbino Bengt-Ake Lundvall, Aalborg

The Oxford Handbook of Innovation

Praise for the Third Edition: "This is one of the best books available. Its excellent organizational structure allows quick reference to specific models and its clear presentation . . . solidifies the understanding of the concepts being presented."IIE Transactions on Operations EngineeringThoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition continues to present the basic statistical principles that are necessary to analyze the probabilistic nature of queues. Rather than presenting a narrow focus on the subject, this update illustrates the wide-reaching, fundamental concepts in queueing theory and its applications to diverse areas such as computer science, engineering, business, and operations research.This update takes a numerical approach to understanding and making probable estimations relating to queues, with a comprehensive outline of simple and more advanced queueing models. Newly featured topics of the Fourth Edition include:Retrial queuesApproximations for queueing networksNumerical inversion of transformsDetermining the appropriate number of servers to balance quality and cost of serviceEach chapter provides a self-contained presentation of key concepts and formulae, allowing readers to work with each section independently, while a summary table at the end of the book outlines the types of queues that have been discussed and their results. In addition, two new appendices have been added, discussing transforms and generating functions as well as the fundamentals of differential and difference equations. New examples are now included along with problems that incorporate QtsPlus software, which is freely available via the book's related Web site.With its accessible style and wealth of real-world examples, Fundamentals of Queueing Theory, Fourth Edition is an ideal book for courses on queueing theory at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners who analyze congestion in the fields of telecommunications, transportation, aviation, and management science.

Fundamentals of Queueing Theory

Observer-Based Fault Estimation Techniques

This paper presents a fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme for nonlinear systems which are connected in a networked control system The nonlinear system is first transformed into two subsystems such that the unobservable part is affected by a fault and the observable part is unaffected An observer is then designed which gives state estimates using a Luenberger observer and also estimates unknown parameter of the system; this helps in fault estimation The FTC is applied in the presence of sampling due to the presence of a network in the loop The controller gain is obtained using linear-quadratic regulator technique The methodology is applied on a mechatronic system and the results show satisfactory performance

Observer-based fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear networked control systems

This paper deals with the problem of stochastic optimal control for a class
of nonlinear systems subject to Markovian jump parameters. The nonlinearities in the
different jump modes are initially parameterized by multilayer neural networks (MNNs),
which lead to neural Markovian jump systems. A stochastic neural Lyapunov function
(NLF) is used to analyze the stability of the resulting neural control MJSs. Then, based
on this stochastic NLF and the neural model, a linear state feedback controller is designed
to stabilize the closed-loop nonlinear system and guaranteed an upper bound of the system
performance for all admissible approximation errors of the MNNs. The control gains can
be derived by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a single link robot arm
is demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed design techniques.

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Neural network based stochastic optimal control for nonlinear Markov jump systems

UNCERTAIN FUZZY SYSTEMS.- Uncertain Fuzzy Systems.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Control Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Systems.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Filter Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Systems.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Control Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Markovian Jump Systems.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Filter Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Markovian Jump Systems.- UNCERTAIN FUZZY SINGULARLY PERTURBED SYSTEMS.- Uncertain Fuzzy Singularly Perturbed Systems.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Control Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Singularly Perturbed Systems.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Filter Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Singularly Perturbed Systems.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Control Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Singularly Perturbed Systems with Markovian Jumps.- Robust ?? Fuzzy Filter Design for Uncertain Fuzzy Singularly Perturbed Systems with Markovian Jumps.

Peng Shi

Papers

Observer-Based Fault Estimation Techniques

Observer-based fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear networked control systems

Neural network based stochastic optimal control for nonlinear Markov jump systems

Fuzzy control and filter design for uncertain fuzzy systems

A novel combination method for conflicting evidence based on inconsistent measurements