Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges

Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen: A review.

Saponins in the genus Panax L. (Araliaceae): A systematic review of their chemical diversity

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir (ACV) and related nucleoside analogues can successfully treat HSV infections, but the emergence of drug resistance to ACV has created a barrier for the treatment of HSV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to explore new and effective tactics to circumvent drug resistance to HSV. This review summarises the current strategies in the development of new targets (the DNA helicase/primase (H/P) complex), new types of molecules (nature products) and new antiviral mechanisms (lethal mutagenesis of Janus-type nucleosides) to fight the drug resistance of HSV.

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New strategies against drug resistance to herpes simplex virus

Terpenoids, the most abundant compounds in natural products, are a set of important secondary metabolites in plants with diverse structures. Terpenoids play key roles in plant growth and developmen...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X20903555

Advances in Pharmacological Activities of Terpenoids

The processing of Panax notoginseng and the transformation of its saponin components

Notoginseng, the root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae), is a Chinese traditional medicine, which is used in both raw and processed forms due to their different pharmacological activities. Detailed chemical investigation on steamed notoginseng led to the isolation of 27 dammarane-type triterpenoids (1-27), including 4 new glycosides, namely, notoginsenosides ST-1-ST-3 and ST-5 (1-4), in addition to 3 other known compounds. Of the new compounds, 1-3 possess new aglycones. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed analyses of their 1 D and 2D NMR spectra and chemical reactions. The known compounds, koryoginsenoside-R(1) (19), yesanchinoside D (20), 6 ''-O-acetylginsenoside Rg(3) (24), and 3 beta,6 alpha,12 beta-trihyclroxyclammar-20(21),24-diene (25), were isolated from notoginseng for the first time.

Dammarane-Type Glycosides from Steamed Notoginseng

Notoginsenoside ST-4 inhibits virus penetration of herpes simplex virus in vitro.

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece prepared notoginseng with special chemical composition and a prepared notoginseng standard extract PNS450 obtained through further extraction of the prepared notoginseng. Total saponin has high content; panaxoside Rh4 and panaxoside Rg5 are used as main compositions; and a new preparation method has simple and feasible production process, stable product quality, short production period, and easy batch preparation and industrialized production. The prepared notoginseng and the prepared notoginseng standard extract PNS450 prepared by the method can be used as the traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece with dual functions of medicine and food for a Chinese patent medicine product and food, a health-care product, functionalized cosmetics, and other healthy products, can be used as a raw material of a natural medicine and can be used as the raw material of health-care food and cosmetics with special application.

Cooked Panax notoginseng and cooked Panax notoginseng standard extract and application thereof

The invention discloses a notoginsenoside ST-4 which is a new dammarane type triterpenoid saponin compound shown in the structural formula (I), and a preparation method thereof. The invention also provides applications of the notoginsenoside ST-4 in the preparation of drugs against HSV-1. An HSV-1 strain and HELF (MRC-5) are used as cell experimental subjects to carry out the experiment of antiviral activity of the new compound which is the notoginsenoside ST-4. The results show that the notoginsenoside ST-4 has therapeutical effect for cells infected by HSV-1 and can reduce the infectivity of HSV-1 for MRC-5 cells and be applied to the preparation of drugs against HSV-1.

Pengying Liao

Papers

The processing of Panax notoginseng and the transformation of its saponin components

Dammarane-Type Glycosides from Steamed Notoginseng

Notoginsenoside ST-4 inhibits virus penetration of herpes simplex virus in vitro.

Cooked Panax notoginseng and cooked Panax notoginseng standard extract and application thereof

Panax notoginseng saponins ST-4, and medicinal composition, preparation and use thereof