Peter T. Sage

TL;DR: This review highlights how PD‐1 and its ligands defend against potentially pathogenic self‐reactive effector T cells by simultaneously harnessing two mechanisms of peripheral tolerance: (i) the promotion of Treg development and function and (ii) the direct inhibition of potentially pathogen self-reactive T cells that have escaped into the periphery.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that lymphocytes usedpodosomes and extended "invasive podosomes" to palpate the surface of, and ultimately form transcellular pores through, the endothelium, providing insights into basic mechanisms for leukocyte trafficking and the functions of podosome.

TL;DR: These findings demonstrate mechanisms by which the PD-1 pathway regulates antibody production and help reconcile inconsistencies surrounding the role of this pathway in humoral immunity.

TL;DR: It is found that non-Tfr Treg cells could suppress B cell responses through CTLA-4 and that Treg and/or Tfr cells might downregulate B7-2 on B cells outside germinal centers as a means of suppression.

TL;DR: Collectively, the data demonstrate that control of PI(3)K signaling by PTEN in Treg cells is critical for maintaining their homeostasis, function and stability.