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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Maximum foraging ranges in solitary bees: only few individuals have the capability to cover long foraging distances

Vibrational communication is widespread in insect social and ecological interactions. Of the insect species that communicate using sound, water surface ripples, or substrate vibrations, we estimate that 92% use substrate vibrations alone or with other forms of mechanical signaling. Vibrational signals differ dramatically from airborne insect sounds, often having low frequencies, pure tones, and combinations of contrasting acoustic elements. Plants are the most widely used substrate for transmitting vibrational signals. Plant species can vary in their signal transmission properties, and thus host plant use may influence signal divergence. Vibrational communication occurs in a complex environment containing noise from wind and rain, the signals of multiple individuals and species, and vibration-sensitive predators and parasitoids. We anticipate that many new examples and functions of vibrational communication will be discovered, and that study of this modality will continue to provide important insights into insect social behavior, ecology, and evolution.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0323:TBEOIV]2.0.CO;2

The Behavioral Ecology of Insect Vibrational Communication

Interactions between ants and honeydew-producing hemipteran insects are abundant and widespread in arthropod food webs, yet their ecological consequences are very poorly known. Ant–hemipteran interactions have potentially broad ecological effects, because the presence of honeydew-producing hemipterans dramatically alters the abundance and predatory behaviour of ants on plants. We review several studies that investigate the consequences of ant–hemipteran interactions as ‘keystone interactions’ on arthropod communities and their host plants. Ant–hemipteran interactions have mostly negative effects on the local abundance and species richness of several guilds of herbivores and predators. In contrast, out of the 30 studies that document the effects of ant–hemipteran interactions on plants, the majority (73%) shows that plants actually benefit indirectly from these interactions. In these studies, increased predation or harassment of other, more damaging, herbivores by hemipteran-tending ants resulted in decreased plant damage and/or increased plant growth and reproduction. The ecological consequences of mutualistic interactions between honeydew-producing hemipterans and invasive ants relative to native ants have rarely been studied, but they may be of particular importance owing to the greater abundance, aggressiveness and extreme omnivory of invasive ants. We argue that ant–hemipteran interactions are largely overlooked and underappreciated interspecific interactions that have strong and pervasive effects on the communities in which they are embedded.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2006.3701

Ecological consequences of interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects.

The general host selection behavior of parasitoid Hymenoptera and a comparison of initial strategies utilized by larvaphagous and oophagous species.

Journal of Pest Science covers all aspects of pest control providing it with a broad thematic standing (Traugott and Gross 2008; Traugott 2010). Nevertheless, the team of editors is always keen to shape the journal’s profile, and therefore we have modified the aims and scope to carve out a clear profile for Journal of Pest Science. Our current aims and scope are to publish high-quality papers on all aspects of pest science in agriculture, horticulture (including viticulture), forestry, urban pests, and stored products research, including health and safety issues. Journal of Pest Science reports on advances in control of pests and vectors of diseases, the biology, ethology and ecology of pests and their antagonists, and the use of other beneficial organisms in pest control. The journal covers all noxious or damaging organisms, including arthropods, nematodes, molluscs, vertebrates, plant pathogens, and weeds. Journal of Pest Science devotes special attention to emerging and innovative pest control strategies, including the side effects of such approaches on non-target organisms, for example natural enemies and pollinators, and the implementation of these strategies in integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science also publishes papers on the management of agroand forest ecosystems where this is relevant to pest control. Papers on technical developments relevant for pest control will be considered as well. Moreover, the journal welcomes commentaries on pressing topics in pest control, as for example the current

/pdf/editorial-2012-shaping-the-profile-of-journal-of-pest-518wbzrw7d.pdf

Editorial 2012: shaping the profile of Journal of Pest Science

In this study, potential banker plant systems against the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were developed under controlled conditions. The two most promising banker plant systems, that is, the parasitoid Encarsia tricolor Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) either with Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker on European columbine (columbine system) or with Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Hokkaido squash (pumpkin system), were further evaluated in the field. Although the pumpkin system produced three times more parasitoids than the columbine system, both banker plants led to an 1.5‐fold increase in A. proletella parasitism rates. However, only the pumpkin system increased the abundance of syrphid larvae on cabbage by 61.5% and reduced A. proletella populations on average by 4.4%–25.8% depending on the respective assessment date. In conclusion, the pumpkin system revealed to be a promising (supplementary) control measure against A. proletella. Options for further improvement and standardization of the pumpkin system as well as a potential implementation in cabbage production are discussed.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jen.12831

Banker plants promote functional biodiversity and decrease populations of the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella

Aleyrodes proletella Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causes severe economic damage on cabbage crops especially in organic vegetable production. Cabbage producers lack efficient and sustainable control measures against this major pest. Knowledge on the regional diversity of its natural enemies is required for the development of biological and integrated strategies to regulate A. proletella populations. Therefore, a 3-year survey of the natural enemies of A. proletella was conducted at five locations across Germany. For this purpose, parasitoids and predators were sampled from organic Brussels sprouts fields that were highly infested with A. proletella. Encarsia tricolor Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was the dominant parasitoid species and comprised 99.5% of all parasitoids encountered. Other parasitoids were Encarsia inaron Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Euderomphale chelidonii Erdos (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Most sampled predators were hoverfly larvae (49.6%) followed by spiders (33.8%), ladybeetles (14.2%), predatory bugs (1.6%) and lacewing larvae (0.8%). Harmonia (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Sphaerophoria, Episyrphus (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Tetragnatha (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) were the most abundant genera of predators. The only whitefly specialist among the predators was Clitostethus arcuatus Rossi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). A detailed list of identified natural enemies is provided, and their relevance in naturally regulating A. proletella populations discussed and possible implementations in pest management strategies are proposed.

Natural enemies associated with the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella in Germany

In der biologischen Schadlingsbekampfung werden haufig Kombinationen verschiedener Nutzlinge eingesetzt. Die Kompatibilitat der verschiedenen Antagonisten und der Gesamteffekt auf die Schaderregerentwicklung wurde bisher jedoch nur selten quantifiziert. In den Sommermonaten der Jahre 2000 und 2001 wurden deshalb Parzellenversuche in Foliengewachshausern zum kombinierten Einsatz von Aphidius colemani Viereck und Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) bzw. A. colemani und Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) gegen Myzus persicae (Sulzer) auf Paprikapflanzen durchgefuhrt.

Einsatz von Nützlingskombinationen bei der biologischen Bekämpfung von Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hom.: Aphididae) an Paprika im Unterglasanbau

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eea.13018

Rainer Meyhöfer

Papers

Editorial 2012: shaping the profile of Journal of Pest Science

Banker plants promote functional biodiversity and decrease populations of the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella

Natural enemies associated with the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella in Germany

Einsatz von Nützlingskombinationen bei der biologischen Bekämpfung von Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hom.: Aphididae) an Paprika im Unterglasanbau

The role of plant physiology and cultivar of chrysanthemum in the resistance against Western flower thrips