Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Some cases of Alzheimer's disease are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Genetic linkage studies have mapped a locus (AD3) associated with susceptibility to a very aggressive form of Alzheimer's disease to chromosome 14q24.3. We have defined a minimal cosegregating region containing the AD3 gene, and isolated at least 19 different transcripts encoded within this region. One of these transcripts (S182) corresponds to a novel gene whose product is predicted to contain multiple transmembrane domains and resembles an integral membrane protein. Five different missense mutations have been found that cosegregate with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Because these changes occurred in conserved domains of this gene, and are not present in normal controls, they are likely to be causative of AD3.

Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease

https://steadystate.org/wp-content/uploads/Stern_KuznetsCurve.pdf

The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

https://mimoza.marmara.edu.tr/~mtekce/Dinda_2004.pdf

Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey

Inter-hemispheric asymmetry (IHA) in Earth’s ionosphere–thermosphere (IT) system can be associated with high-latitude forcing that intensifies during storm time, e.g., ion convection, auroral electron precipitation, and energy deposition, but a comprehensive understanding of the pathways that generate IHA in the IT is lacking. Numerical simulations can help address this issue, but accurate specification of high-latitude forcing is needed. In this study, we utilize the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment-revised fieldaligned currents (FACs) to specify the high-latitude electric potential in the Global Ionosphere and Thermosphere Model (GITM) during the October 8–9, 2012, storm. Our result illustrates the advantages of the FAC-driven technique in capturing high-latitude ion drift, ion convection equatorial boundary, and the storm-time neutral density response observed by satellite. First, it is found that the cross-polar-cap potential, hemispheric power, and ion convection distribution can be highly asymmetric between two hemispheres with a clear By dependence in the convection equatorial boundary. Comparison with simulation based on mirror precipitation suggests that the convection distribution is more sensitive to FAC, while its intensity also depends on the ionospheric conductance-related precipitation. Second, the IHA in the neutral density response closely follows the IHA in the total Joule heating dissipation with a time delay. Stronger Joule heating deposited associated with greater high-latitude electric potential in the southern hemisphere during the focus period generates more neutral density as well, which provides some evidences that the high-latitude forcing could become the dominant factor to IHAs in the thermosphere when near the equinox. Our study improves the understanding of storm-time IHA in high-latitude forcing and the IT system.

/pdf/inter-hemispheric-asymmetries-in-high-latitude-2fh7epm7.pdf

Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in high-latitude electrodynamic forcing and the thermosphere during the October 8–9, 2012, geomagnetic storm: An integrated data–Model investigation

Polar cap potential during magnetic storms: MHD simulations

The provision of public goods and the amelioration of market failure are the classical justifications for government intervention in the economy. In reality, (1) governments intervene in markets that are not affected by failure, and (2) a large share of the government resources is spent in private goods, not in public goods. In contrast to issue (1), issue (2) has received little attention in the literature, in spite of the potentially large efficiency and equity losses arising from misguided allocations of public expenditures. This paper empirically documents the size of (2) in the rural sector and investigates its consequences for rural development for ten Latin American countries over the 1985-2000 period. The econometric evidence suggests that the structure of public expenditures is an important factor of economic development in the rural sector, much greater than that of the level of public expenditures and of other factors on which the development literature has traditionally focused. Expanding total public expenditure in rural areas while maintaining the existing public expenditure composition prevailing in certain countries does little to promote agricultural income and reduce rural poverty. Spending a significant share of government resources in (non-social) subsidies causes less agriculture income, induces an excessive reliance of agriculture on land expansion and reduces the income of the rural poor.

Why Governments Should Stop Non-Social Subsidies: Measuring Their Consequences for Rural Latin America

The NASA Office of Space Science has set out on a bold venture in education by creating a network of space science educators, many of them with backgrounds in science. This professional space science education community has had considerable success in establishing itself, and it is beginning to make significant contributions to science education. However, in order to have a lasting impact, the community needs to connect better to the existing national effort in science education reform. The space science education community also needs to move toward a more scholarly approach to science education by developing a discipline-based research literature in teaching and learning. Establishing Space Science Education as a Community Since the late 90’s, NASA’s Office of Space Science has been promoting an ambitious program to involve the space science community in science education. To this end, OSS funded the creation of a set of “Forums” and “Broker/Facilitators” (Rosendhal et al. 2003). Together, the Forums and Brokers constitute the “Support Network.” NASA/OSS also initiated a Minority University Initiative (MUI) to increase diversity in space science. Some of the MUI projects are focused on education (e.g., Lopez 2002). In addition, NASA missions devote considerable funds to education and public outreach efforts, known as E/PO. Taken together, members of the Support Network, the mission E/PO programs, and some of the MUI projects, along with a handful of other astronomers and space scientists working in education, have grown into a community of space science education professionals, many of whom have formal training in space science, and some of whom continue to be active scientific researchers. Overall, this community has proved to be very active, and it is having a growing impact. In formal education, the community has focused on curriculum development and professional development of teachers. Magnetism, electricity, and the nature of the solar system are all topics that every student encounters in middle and/or high school. Collaboration between the NASA-funded Sun-Earth Connection Education Forum and the Lawrence Hall of Science (LHS) in Berkeley produced The Real Reasons for the Seasons, a middle-school curriculum package that teaches about seasons and the phases of the Moon. This excellent product is now in use by many school systems around the country since most middle schools include the solar system in the curriculum. Another education prod-

Space Science Education: The Emergence of a Professional Community

This paper shows that the theory of circular causation as stated by Myrdal can be ast in a rigorous microeconomic neoclassical model. In doing this, Myrdal's theory of equilibria is extended by showing that existence of stable and unstable types of equilibria and the conditions under which easy is more likely to occur. The use of a formal model permits the derivation of some important additional implications in relation to underdevelopment and inequality and to income the wealth distribution policies. The model can be useful for analyzing several other policies in an economy where subsistence and capitalistic forms of production coexist.

Ramon Lopez

Papers

Inter-hemispheric asymmetries in high-latitude electrodynamic forcing and the thermosphere during the October 8–9, 2012, geomagnetic storm: An integrated data–Model investigation

Polar cap potential during magnetic storms: MHD simulations

Why Governments Should Stop Non-Social Subsidies: Measuring Their Consequences for Rural Latin America

Space Science Education: The Emergence of a Professional Community

Microeconomic Foundations of Myrdal's Circular Causation Theory