"Space—the final frontier." This preamble to a well-known television series captures the challenge encountered not only in space travel adventures, but also in the field of porous materials, which aims to control the size, shape and uniformity of the porous space and the atoms and molecules that define it. The past decade has seen significant advances in the ability to fabricate new porous solids with ordered structures from a wide range of different materials. This has resulted in materials with unusual properties and broadened their application range beyond the traditional use as catalysts and adsorbents. In fact, porous materials now seem set to contribute to developments in areas ranging from microelectronics to medical diagnosis.

Ordered porous materials for emerging applications

Photodynamic therapy involves administration of a tumor-localizing photosensitizing agent, which may require metabolic synthesis (i.e., a prodrug), followed by activation of the agent by light of a specific wavelength. This therapy results in a sequence of photochemical and photobiologic processes that cause irreversible photodamage to tumor tissues. Results from preclinical and clinical studies conducted worldwide over a 25-year period have established photodynamic therapy as a useful treatment approach for some cancers. Since 1993, regulatory approval for photodynamic therapy involving use of a partially purified, commercially available hematoporphyrin derivative compound (Photofrin) in patients with early and advanced stage cancer of the lung, digestive tract, and genitourinary tract has been obtained in Canada, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States. We have attempted to conduct and present a comprehensive review of this rapidly expanding field. Mechanisms of subcellular and tumor localization of photosensitizing agents, as well as of molecular, cellular, and tumor responses associated with photodynamic therapy, are discussed. Technical issues regarding light dosimetry are also considered.

Photodynamic Therapy

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) display a wide range of luminescent behaviors resulting from the multifaceted nature of their structure. In this critical review we discuss the origins of MOF luminosity, which include the linker, the coordinated metal ions, antenna effects, excimer and exciplex formation, and guest molecules. The literature describing these effects is comprehensively surveyed, including a categorization of each report according to the type of luminescence observed. Finally, we discuss potential applications of luminescent MOFs. This review will be of interest to researchers and synthetic chemists attempting to design luminescent MOFs, and those engaged in the extension of MOFs to applications such as chemical, biological, and radiation detection, medical imaging, and electro-optical devices (141 references).

Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks

A. Water Exchange 2326 B. Proton Exchange 2327 C. Electronic Relaxation 2327 D. Relaxivity 2331 E. Outerand Second-Sphere Relaxivity 2334 F. Methods of Improving Relaxivity 2336 V. Macromolecular Conjugates 2336 A. Introduction 2336 B. General Conjugation Methods 2336 C. Synthetic Linear Polymers 2336 D. Synthetic Dendrimer-Based Agents 2338 E. Naturally Occurring Polymers (Proteins, Polysaccharides, and Nucleic Acids) 2339

https://mriquestions.com/uploads/3/4/5/7/34572113/lauffer_1999_review.pdf

Gadolinium(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents: Structure, Dynamics, and Applications

Metal Organic Frameworks in Biomedicine Patricia Horcajada,* Ruxandra Gref, Tarek Baati, Phoebe K. Allan, Guillaume Maurin, Patrick Couvreur, G erard F erey, Russell E. Morris, and Christian Serre* Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Universit e de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France Facult e de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Universit e Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Universit e Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews Purdie Building, St Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K.

Metal-organic frameworks in biomedicine.

Mechanisms of magnetic resonance contrast enhancement by relaxivity and magnetic susceptibility agents.

Albumin binding of paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agents: enhancement of outer sphere relaxivity.

Myocardial first pass inmaging with MS-325, a new intravascular magnetic resonance contrast agent

Investigations into the enzyme-substrate complex of the catechol dioxygenases have vaised the possibility that the catechol may bind to the metal center in a monodentate configuration. Based on NMR studies of model monodentate and chelated catecholate complexes, the substrate is shown to be coordinated to the ferric center through only one oxygen in the catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase-4-methylcatechol complex. Rationalizations for this preferred configuration are suggested by the oxygen reactivity of various model Compounds.

The Enzyme-Substrate Interaction in the Catechol Dioxygenases

The present invention provides contrast agents for diagnostic imaging BLOOD RETENTION WITH PROLONGED. The new compounds are: PART ONE IMAGE potentiating (O SIGNAL GENERATOR (PPI); B) a portion for protein binding plasma proteins (PUPP); C) a part extending the half-life sanguinea (PPSS). This invention also relates to compositions FARMACOLOGICAS of these compounds and methods of using the compounds and compositions FOR BLOOD extend the half life and enhance the contrast in diagnostic imaging. These contrast agents SHOWN AN INDEX AND REDUCED RENAL Reuptake HEPATOCELULAR AND LACK OF FUNDING FOR APPARENTLY THE SYSTEM RE. THESE AGENTS MAY BE ADDRESSED TO BLOOD OR OTHER biological component. DISAPPEAR AS AGENT less rapidly CURRENT BLOOD, can be used with lower doses safety margin BROADER. This approach is common both for large molecules as well as small.

Randall B. Lauffer

Papers

Mechanisms of magnetic resonance contrast enhancement by relaxivity and magnetic susceptibility agents.

Albumin binding of paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agents: enhancement of outer sphere relaxivity.

Myocardial first pass inmaging with MS-325, a new intravascular magnetic resonance contrast agent

The Enzyme-Substrate Interaction in the Catechol Dioxygenases

Contrast agents for diagnostic imaging with extended blood retention.