Roland A. Werner

TL;DR: An attempt to unify the strategy for referencing isotopic measurements and emphasis is given to the importance of identical treatment of sample and reference material ('IT principle'), which should guide all isotope ratio determinations and evaluations.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a few basic mechanisms can explain intramolecular, compound-specific and bulk isotopic differences between C3 and C4 plants.

TL;DR: This review starts from the rather well understood processes at the leaf level such as photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation, leaf water evaporative isotope enrichment and the issue of the isotopic composition of inorganic sources (CO2 and H2O), though it focuses on the less explored 'downstream' processes related to metabolism and transport.

TL;DR: The results are discussed on the basis of a kinetic isotope effect on the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase reaction and of metabolic branching on the level of the triose phosphates with varying substrate fluxes to determine the relative carbon isotope ratio of primary and secondary products from different compartments of annual plants, pine needles, wood, and decomposing Basidiomycets.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors characterized charring of a softwood and hardwood and found that the wood was dominated by (di)- O -alkyl structures, and the chars by alkyl and aromatic structures.