Stable isotopes in tree rings: towards a mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation and mixing processes from the leaves to the wood.
Arthur Gessler,Juan Pedro Ferrio,Robert Hommel,Kerstin Treydte,Roland A. Werner,Russell K. Monson +5 more
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TLDR
This review starts from the rather well understood processes at the leaf level such as photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation, leaf water evaporative isotope enrichment and the issue of the isotopic composition of inorganic sources (CO2 and H2O), though it focuses on the less explored 'downstream' processes related to metabolism and transport.Abstract:
The mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation processes is increasing but we still lack detailed knowledge of the processes that determine the isotopic composition of the tree-ring archive over the long term. Especially with regard to the path from leaf photosynthate production to wood formation, post-assimilation fractionations/processes might cause at least a partial decoupling between the leaf isotope signals that record processes such as stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis, and the wood or cellulose signals that are stored in the paleophysiological record. In this review, we start from the rather well understood processes at the leaf level such as photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation, leaf water evaporative isotope enrichment and the issue of the isotopic composition of inorganic sources (CO2 and H2O), though we focus on the less explored 'downstream' processes related to metabolism and transport. We further summarize the roles of cellulose and lignin as important chemical constituents of wood, and the processes that determine the transfer of photosynthate (sucrose) and associated isotopic signals to wood production. We cover the broad topics of post-carboxylation carbon isotope fractionation and of the exchange of organic oxygen with water within the tree. In two case studies, we assess the transfer of carbon and oxygen isotopic signals from leaves to tree rings. Finally we address the issue of different temporal scales and link isotope fractionation at the shorter time scale for processes in the leaf to the isotopic ratio as recorded across longer time scales of the tree-ring archive.read more
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Potential of forest thinning to mitigate drought stress: A meta-analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the potential of thinning for improving tree performance during and after a severe drought in conifers and broadleaves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable isotopes in leaf water of terrestrial plants.
Lucas A. Cernusak,Margaret M. Barbour,Stefan K. Arndt,Alexander W. Cheesman,Nathan B. English,Taylor S. Feild,Brent R. Helliker,Meisha Holloway-Phillips,Joseph A. M. Holtum,Ansgar Kahmen,Francesca A. McInerney,Niels C. Munksgaard,Niels C. Munksgaard,Kevin A. Simonin,Xin Song,Hilary Stuart-Williams,Jason B. West,Graham D. Farquhar +17 more
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of stable isotope enrichment of leaf water, and its relevance for isotopic signals incorporated into plant organic matter and atmospheric gases is reviewed.
Journal Article
Correction of tree ring stable carbon isotope chronologies for changes in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73, 1539-1547
Danny McCarroll,Mary Gagen,Neil J. Loader,Iain Robertson,Kevin J. Anchukaitis,Sietse O. Los,Giles H.F. Young,Risto Jalkanen,Andreas Kirchhefer,John S. Waterhouse +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a correction procedure that attempts to calculate the δ13C values that would have been obtained under pre-industrial conditions using nonlinear regression, but the magnitude of the adjustment made is restricted by two logical constraints based on the physiological response of trees.
Journal ArticleDOI
A tree-ring perspective on the terrestrial carbon cycle
Flurin Babst,M. Ross Alexander,Paul Szejner,Olivier Bouriaud,Stefan Klesse,John S. Roden,Philippe Ciais,Benjamin Poulter,David Frank,David J. P. Moore,Valerie Trouet +10 more
TL;DR: Recent advances are summarized and promising paths of investigation are highlighted with respect to growth phenology, forest productivity trends and variability, CO2 fertilization and water-use efficiency, forest disturbances, and comparisons between observational and computational forest productivity estimates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ideas and perspectives: Tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes – challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective
Daniele Penna,Luisa Hopp,Francesca Scandellari,Scott T. Allen,Paolo Benettin,Matthias Beyer,Josie Geris,Julian Klaus,John D. Marshall,Luitgard Schwendenmann,Till H. M. Volkmann,Jana von Freyberg,Anam Amin,Natalie Ceperley,Michael Engel,Jay Frentress,Yamuna Giambastiani,Jeffrey J. McDonnell,Giulia Zuecco,Pilar Llorens,Rolf T. W. Siegwolf,Todd E. Dawson,James W. Kirchner +22 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize and build upon discussions that emerged during the workshop "Isotope-based studies of water partitioning and plant-soil interactions in forested and agricultural environments" held in San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Italy, in September 2017.
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Book
Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis : contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a historical overview of climate change science, including changes in atmospheric constituents and radiative forcing, as well as changes in snow, ice, and frozen ground.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable isotopes in precipitation
TL;DR: In this paper, the isotopic fractionation of water in simple condensation-evaporation processes is considered quantitatively on the basis of the fractionation factors given in section 1.2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Photosynthesis
TL;DR: In this article, the physical and enzymatic bases of carbone isotope discrimination during photosynthesis were discussed, noting how knowledge of discrimination can be used to provide additional insight into photosynthetic metabolism and the environmental influences on that process.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Relationship Between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and the Intercellular Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Leaves
TL;DR: It is shown how diffusion of gaseous COz can significantly affect carbon isotopic discrimination and a simple relationship between discrimination and the ratio of the intercellular and atmospheric partial pressures of COZ is developed.