Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

PLGA-based nanoparticles: An overview of biomedical applications

http://academic.oup.com/milmed/article-pdf/146/7/506/24126715/milmed-146-7-506.pdf

Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

The aim of this critical review is to provide a broad but digestible overview of mechanochemical synthesis, i.e. reactions conducted by grinding solid reactants together with no or minimal solvent. Although mechanochemistry has historically been a sideline approach to synthesis it may soon move into the mainstream because it is increasingly apparent that it can be practical, and even advantageous, and because of the opportunities it provides for developing more sustainable methods. Concentrating on recent advances, this article covers industrial aspects, inorganic materials, organic synthesis, cocrystallisation, pharmaceutical aspects, metal complexes (including metal–organic frameworks), supramolecular aspects and characterization methods. The historical development, mechanistic aspects, limitations and opportunities are also discussed (314 references).

/pdf/mechanochemistry-opportunities-for-new-and-cleaner-synthesis-15fcwynvnd.pdf

Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis

Cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical solubilizers.

Particle engineering is the prime focus to improve pulmonary drug targeting with the splendor of nanomedicines. In recent years, submicron particles have emerged as prettyful candidate for improved fludisation and deposition. For effective deposition, the particle size must be in the range of 0.5-5 μm. Inhalers design for the purpose of efficient delivery of powders to lungs is again a crucial task for pulmonary scientists. A huge number of DPI devices exist in the market, a significant number are awaiting FDA approval, some are under development and a large number have been patented or applied for patent. Even with superior design, the delivery competence is still deprived, mostly due to fluidisation problems which cause poor aerosol generation and deposition. Because of the cohesive nature and poor flow characteristics, they are difficult to redisperse upon aerosolization with breath. These problems are illustrious in aerosol research, much of which is vastly pertinent to pulmonary therapeutics. A technical review is presented here of advances that have been utilized in production of submicron drug particles, their in vitro/in vivo evaluations, aerosol effects and pulmonary fate of inhaled submicron powders.

Aerodynamics and deposition effects of inhaled submicron drug aerosol in airway diseases.

Simple, sensitive, selective and validated spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of a biomarker trigonelline from polyherbal gels.

Through out the decades, biotechnology has emerged as research area which requires the understanding of the biological intricacies of nature. Much of the scientific knowledge has been imparted to transfer beneficial genetic traits from one species to another to enhance or protect an organism. In the field of medicine, these tasks have ranged from the production of proteins, such as insulin, to selective targeting and binding of specific cell types. Since the discovery in the year 1800 that the human body is composed of cells and proteins that are susceptible to infection but can also combat pathogenic microbes, the perceived battlefield has challenged our imagination to develop biopharmaceuticals – biologically based therapeutic products . As  we enter the information age, the presence of excessive amount of biologic and genetic data, coupled with exponential growth in computing power, mean that the rate of developing novel biopharmaceuticals is not  at all limited by the ability to identify targets and clone macromolecules. But after post GATT period, this research area has faced a lot of restrictions by the government to follow the patent protection of these biologically engineered products of plant or human cell origin. Thus, biotechnology which is usually defined as any technique that uses living organisms or substances from organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals or to develop microorganisms for specific uses, is facing serious constraints like lack of skilled human resources, funds to bear the cost of these projects, the sophisticated infrastructure and facilities and stringent government laws.

	 

	Key words: Biotechnology, patents, biomodulation, tissue.

/pdf/biotechnology-and-intellectual-property-1meoa246jn.pdf

Biotechnology and intellectual property

Journal of pharmacy and bioallied science.

TLC densitometric method for simple and sensitive stability assessment of modafinil has been developed. The objective was to provide a rapid, precise, robust, and reproducible technique for the analysis of modafinil. The method was validated for bulk drug and tablet formulations. It could be used to separate the drug from its degradation products. The procedure employed TLC aluminum plates precoated with 60F-254 silica gel as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of toluene-chloroform-methanol (1:1:0.5, v/v/v) mixture. It provided well-resolved compact spots for modafinil (R f value 0.46 ± 0.01) and allowed for separation of the excipients and degradation products. Densitometric scanning interegation was performed at the wavelength of 220 nm. Calibration plot was linear (r2 = 0.999) in the analyte concentration range 100-5000 ng per spot. The method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy recovery, precision, ruggedness, and specificity. The limit of detection and quantification were 20.54 ng per spot and 62.26 ng per spot, respectively. The determined drug content was within the ±5% range of the labeled content. The drug was analyzed under different stress conditions in order to study its degradation in the presence of acid, base, and peroxide.

Roop K. Khar

Papers

Aerodynamics and deposition effects of inhaled submicron drug aerosol in airway diseases.

Simple, sensitive, selective and validated spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of a biomarker trigonelline from polyherbal gels.

Biotechnology and intellectual property

Journal of pharmacy and bioallied science.

A new TLC densitometric method for stability assessment of modafinil