Russell A. Poldrack

TL;DR: Although RI-related regions do not appear to support inhibition of prepotent learned associations, a subset of these regions, dACC and rIFG, guide actions consistent with current reward contingencies and represent distinct neural components that support behavioral flexibility important for adaptive learning.

TL;DR: The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) can be estimated from these NIRS data provided certain model assumptions, and a most probable flow-consumption ratio ranging from 1.5 to 3 is estimated in agreement with previous findings presented in the literature.

TL;DR: A range of recent fMRI and electrophysiological studies that have mapped the relationship between inter-regional communication and network structure across a diverse range of brain states are reviewed, identify both behavioral and biological axes that may underlie the tendency for network reconfiguration, and provide suggestions for future research endeavors that may help refine the understanding of the functioning of the human brain.

TL;DR: This chapter highlights the behavioral and neuroscience work on the prospect theory and the neuroscience of behavioral decision-making and indicates that the demonstrations of neural correlates of several of the fundamental behavioral phenomena underlying prospect theory provide strong evidence that these anomalies are real.

TL;DR: The rationale for an increased focus on formal synthesis of the cognitive neuroscience literature is discussed, an overview of recently developed tools and platforms designed to facilitate the sharing and integration of neuroimaging data are provided, and several emerging developments are discussed that hold even greater promise in advancing the study of human brain function.