Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be deployed to monitor very large areas without the need for network infrastructure. UAVs communicate with each other during flight and exchange information with each other. However, such communication poses security challenges due to its dynamic topology. To solve these challenges, the proposed method uses two phases to counter malicious UAV attacks. In the first phase, we applied a number of rules and principles to detect malicious UAVs. In this phase, we try to identify and remove malicious UAVs according to the behavior of UAVs in the network in order to prevent sending fake information to the investigating UAVs. In the second phase, a mobile agent based on a three-step negotiation process is used to eliminate malicious UAVs. In this way, we use mobile agents to inform our normal neighbor UAVs so that they do not listen to the data generated by the malicious UAVs. Therefore, the mobile agent of each UAV uses reliable neighbors through a three-step negotiation process so that they do not listen to the traffic generated by the malicious UAVs. The NS-3 simulator was used to demonstrate the efficiency of the SAUAV method. The proposed method is more efficient than CST-UAS, CS-AVN, HVCR, and BSUM-based methods in detection rate, false positive rate, false negative rate, packet delivery rate, and residual energy.

Secure Communication between UAVs Using a Method Based on Smart Agents in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Blue LED Mediated Intramolecular C-H Functionalization and Cyclopropanation of Tryptamines: Synthesis of Azepino[4, 5-b]indoles and Natural Product Inspired Polycyclic Indoles.

Recent developments in low-power communication and signal processing technologies have led to the extensive implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In a WSN environment, cluster formation and cluster head (CH) selection consume significant energy. Typically, the CH is chosen probabilistically, without considering the real-time factors such as the remaining energy, number of clusters, distance, location, and number of functional nodes to boost network lifetime. Based on the real-time issues, different strategies must be incorporated to design a generic protocol suited for applications such as environment and health monitoring, animal tracking, and home automation. Elementary protocols such as LEACH and centralized-LEACH are well proven, but gradually limitations evolved due to increasing desire and need for proper modification over time. Since the selection of CHs has always been an important criterion for clustered networks, this paper overviews the modifications in the threshold value of CH selection in the network. With the evolution of bio-inspired algorithms, the CH selection has also been enhanced considering the behavior of the network. This paper includes a brief description of LEACH-based and bio-inspired protocols, their pros and cons, assumptions, and the criteria of CH selection. Finally, the performance factors such as longevity, scalability, and packet delivery ratio of various protocols are compared and discussed.

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Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures, Strategies, and Performance

Designing efficient routing algorithms in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) plays an important role in the emerging intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, a routing algorithm based on the improved Q-learning is proposed for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications in VANETs. Firstly, a link maintenance time model is established, and the maintenance time is taken as an important parameter in the design of routing algorithm to ensure the reliability of each hop link. Aiming at the low efficiency and slow convergence of Q-learning, heuristic function and evaluation function are introduced to accelerate the update of Q-value of current optimal action, reduce unnecessary exploration, accelerate the convergence speed of Q-learning process and improve learning efficiency. The learning task is dispersed in each vehicle node in the new routing algorithm and it maintains the reliable routing path by periodically exchanging beacon information with surrounding nodes, guides the node’s forwarding action by combining the delay information between nodes to improve the efficiency of data forwarding. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by NS2 simulator. The results show that the algorithm has a good effect on the package delivery rate and end-to-end delay.

V2V Routing in VANET Based on Heuristic Q-Learning

In order to meet the needs of emergency communication for major emergency disaster rescue, a wireless emergency communication relay system based on tethered UAV platform is studied. From the perspective of practical application, the characteristics and network coverage of the emergency communication system are analyzed. The mooring UAV platform is equipped with various communication loads such as MESH(wireless grid network communication), 4G-LTE( Long term evolution fourth generation mobile communication) base station, AIS (Automatic Identification System) and so on, which are kept on the communication support ship. When the communication support ship enters the scene of maritime emergencies, the tethered UAV platform lifts off ,stays for a long time and realizes the relay communication service of various carriers within a radius of tens of kilometers through its various communication payloads, which provides key communication support for the Marine emergency communication network. The actual field test of the prototype system shows that the data transmission is stable and reliable, and the short message transmission is normal, which can meet the emergency communication demand of disaster rescue.

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Application Research of Tethered UAV Platform in Marine Emergency Communication Network

An intelligent energy efficient cooperative MIMO-AF multi-hop and relay based communications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicular networks

We propose in this paper a reduction in the size of wearable antennas on silicon (Si) for medicinal frameworks and Internet of things (IoT) in various nanoapplications. This research also introduces one more type of dynamic patch antenna designed in favor of speech-enhanced healthcare applications. The most significant impediment to the adoption of smart correspondence and medical services frameworks is voice-enabled IoT. The primary objective of a body area network (BAN) is to give ceaselessly clinical information to the doctors. Actually, wireless body area network is flexible, dense, trivial, and less expensive. On the other hand, the main disadvantage is low efficiency for small printed antenna. Microstrip silicon antenna recurrence is changed because of ecological conditions, distinctive reception apparatus areas, and diverse framework activity modes. By using tunable antenna, the efficiency of bandwidth usage can be increased. Amplifiers are associated with the feed line of antenna in order to build its dynamic range. In this study, a dynamic polarized antenna is constructed, analysed, and attempted for fabrication. The gain of the antenna is 
 
 13
 ±
 2
  
 dB
 
 for the frequency range of 390 to 610 MHz. The output of the polarized antenna is roughly 19 dBm. At different environmental conditions, the performance and ability to control the antenna could vary. To achieve stable performance, we have used varactor diode and voltage-controlled diode. This silicon wearable antenna can be fabricated and tested for many medical applications like health monitoring system and pacemakers. Furthermore, micromachining techniques can be used to lower the practical dielectric constant of silicon and hence improve radiation efficiency.

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Silicon Wearable Body Area Antenna for Speech-Enhanced IoT and Nanomedical Applications

Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Ferroelectric Negative Capacitance FET

Enhanced Optical, Magnetic, and Photocatalytic activity of Mg2+ substituted NiFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles

Implementing a low cost, power efficient and high performance routing protocol in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an important requirement for transmitting a packet through network. In this paper we propose, a new cost and energy aware routing protocol (CEAR) that works based on the two metrics such as cost welfare metric and route score metric.A hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) framework which holds numerous banks of heterogeneous electrical energy storage (EES) components to be specific battery and a ultra-capacitor is used for providing energy to the network exhibit in the WSN for routing. The simulation results shows that our proposed routing protocol routes the packet efficiently by choosing the best path that also reduces the cost and routes the packet with reduced power consumption. The quantitative metrics in terms of packet delivery ratio of 0.93, average end to end delay of 110 secs, packet loss ratio of 0.75, average throughput attained of 250 bits/sec and efficiency of 98-99.9% overpowers the performance of our proposed work.

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S. Kanithan

Papers

An intelligent energy efficient cooperative MIMO-AF multi-hop and relay based communications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicular networks

Silicon Wearable Body Area Antenna for Speech-Enhanced IoT and Nanomedical Applications

Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Ferroelectric Negative Capacitance FET

Enhanced Optical, Magnetic, and Photocatalytic activity of Mg2+ substituted NiFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles

Routing in WSNs Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System through a CEAR Protocol Based on Cost Welfare and Route Score Metric