The fifth edition of "Numerical Methods for Engineers" continues its tradition of excellence. Instructors love this text because it is a comprehensive text that is easy to teach from. Students love it because it is written for them--with great pedagogy and clear explanations and examples throughout. The text features a broad array of applications, including all engineering disciplines. The revision retains the successful pedagogy of the prior editions. Chapra and Canale's unique approach opens each part of the text with sections called Motivation, Mathematical Background, and Orientation, preparing the student for what is to come in a motivating and engaging manner. Each part closes with an Epilogue containing sections called Trade-Offs, Important Relationships and Formulas, and Advanced Methods and Additional References. Much more than a summary, the Epilogue deepens understanding of what has been learned and provides a peek into more advanced methods. Approximately 80% of the end-of-chapter problems are revised or new to this edition. The expanded breadth of engineering disciplines covered is especially evident in the problems, which now cover such areas as biotechnology and biomedical engineering. Users will find use of software packages, specifically MATLAB and Excel with VBA. This includes material on developing MATLAB m-files and VBA macros.

Numerical methods for engineers

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Elements Of Chemical Reaction Engineering

Applied Groundwater Modeling—Simulation of Flow and Advective Transport

The in-situ deep mixing technique has been established as a means to effect columnar inclusions into soft ground to enhance the bearing capacity and reduce settlement. Since the inception of this method, developments in the plant and machinery, as well as associated field techniques, have surpassed the basic understanding of strength developments in high water-content clays admixed with cementing agents.In this paper an attempt is made to identify the critical factors governing the engineering behavior of cement-stabilized clay, which helps not only to control the input of cementing agent to attain strength development with curing time and clay water content, but also to understand the subsequent engineering behavior. It is revealed that the clay-water/cement ratio, $wc/ c$ is the prime parameter for the above purposes .

Engineering Behavior of Cement Stabilized Clay at High Water Content (IS-YOKOHAMA 2000「沿岸域の地盤工学における理論と実際」特集号〔英文〕)

Clayey soils are usually stiff when they are dry and give up their stiffness as they become saturated. Soft clays are associated with low compressive strength and excessive settlement. This reduction in strength due to moisture leads to severe damages to buildings and foundations. The soil behavior can be a challenge to the designer build infrastructure plans to on clay deposits. The damage due to the expansive soils every year is expected to be $1 billion in the USA, £150 million in the UK, and many billions of pounds worldwide. The damages associated with expansive soils are not because of the lack of inadequate engineering solutions but to the failure to identify the existence and magnitude of expansion of these soils in the early stage of project planning. One of the methods for soil improvement is that the problematic soil is replaced by suitable soil. The high cost involved in this method has led researchers to identify alternative methods, and soil stabilization with different additives is one of those methods. Recently, modern scientific techniques of soil stabilization are on offer for this purpose. Stabilized soil is a composite material that is obtained from the combination and optimization of properties of constituent materials. Adding cementing agents such as lime, cement and industrial byproducts like fly ash and slag, with soil results in improved geotechnical properties. However, during the past few decades, a number of cases have been reported where sulfate-rich soils stabilized by cement or lime underwent a significant amount of heave leading to pavement failure. This research paper addressed the some fundamental and success soil improvement that used in civil engineering field.

/pdf/fundamentals-of-soil-stabilization-4djewn9bar.pdf

Fundamentals of soil stabilization

Rock mechanics is a multidisciplinary subject combining geology, geophysics, and engineering and applying the principles of mechanics to study the engineering behavior of the rock mass. With wide application, a solid grasp of this topic is invaluable to anyone studying or working in civil, mining, petroleum, and geological engineering. Rock Mechanics: An Introduction presents the fundamental principles of rock mechanics in a clear, easy-to-comprehend manner for readers with little or no background in this field. The text includes a brief introduction to geology and covers stereographic projections, laboratory testing, strength and deformation of rock masses, slope stability, foundations, and more. The authors-academics who have written several books in geotechnical engineering-have used their extensive teaching experience to create this accessible textbook. They present complex material in a lucid and simple way with numerical examples to illustrate the concepts, providing an introductory book that can be used as a textbook in civil and geological engineering programs and as a general reference book for professional engineers.

Rock Mechanics: An Introduction

This paper presents the effects of submergence on the settlement and the bearing capacity of a surface strip footing resting on the reinforced sand bed at a relative density of 90 % by conducting the laboratory model tests. The reinforcement layers used were woven geotextile layers, without and with wraparound ends. The number of reinforcement layers was varied from 1 to 4. The test tank had an arrangement for the water table rise, from the bottom of the sand bed constructed in the tank. The model strip footing was placed at the surface of the sand bed, and measurement of the settlement occurring with the rise of the water table, was taken to observe the effect of water table rise. When the water table reached the top surface of the sand bed, that is, the sand bed was fully submerged under water; the measurement of settlement of the footing was continued, by applying the load incrementally through the hydraulic jack. The results show that the rise of the water table causes a significant settlement of the footing for both unreinforced and reinforced cases. However, the beneficial effect of reinforcement layers was observed in terms of increased load-bearing capacity. An increase in the number of reinforcement layers, from 1 to 4 as well as providing the wraparound ends to the reinforcement, brought a significant increase in load-bearing capacity. When compared to the dry situation, there is a significant decrease in the load-bearing capacity as well as in the modulus of subgrade reaction of the unreinforced and reinforced sand beds with the rise of water table and full submergence.

/pdf/effect-of-submergence-on-settlement-and-bearing-capacity-of-1iaf4h1brl.pdf

Effect of Submergence on Settlement and Bearing Capacity of Surface Strip Footing on Geotextile-Reinforced Sand Bed

Generally, alkali-activated binders have received much attention in recent years due to their energy efficiency, environmentally friendly process, and excellent engineering properties. With respect to this fact, this study aims to investigate the effects of alkaline activation reactions on residual soil by using different percentages of fly ash as a precursor. Precisely, fly ash was incorporated with potassium hydroxide (10M) in order to stabilize the soil and enhance its expediency for various forms of construction. In particular, this experimental study was focused on determining the mechanical performance of stabilized soil. Evidently, the results showed that the different percentages of fly ash (40%, 50%, 60% and 70% by weight) used to stabilize the residual soil affected the unconfined compressive strength of the soil matrix. Also, it was observed that the compressive strength of soil increased progressively with the addition of fly ash. However, the longer the curing period of the stabilized soils, the higher the unconfined compressive strength of the soil. In fact, the microstructural analysis which employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the material modifications that can be related to the strength behavior.

Effects of alkali-activated waste binder in soil stabilization

In the recent past, the potential benefits of wraparound geosynthetic reinforcement technique for constructing the reinforced soil foundations have been reported. This paper presents the experimental study on the behaviour of model strip footing resting on sandy soil bed reinforced with geosynthetic in wraparound and planar forms under monotonic and repeated loadings. The geosynthetic layers were laid according to the reinforcement ratio to minimise the scale effect. It is found that for the same amount of reinforcement material, the wraparound reinforced model resulted in less settlement in comparison to planar reinforced models. The efficiency of wraparound reinforced model increased with the increase in load amplitude and the rate of total cumulative settlement substantially decreased with the increase in number of load cycles. The wraparound reinforced model has shown about 45% lower average total settlement in comparison to unreinforced model, while the double-layer reinforced model has about 41% lower average total settlement at the cost of approximately twice the material and 1.5 times the occupied land width ratio. Moreover, wraparound models have shown much greater stability in comparison to their counterpart models when subjected to incremental repeated loading.

https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10983&context=ecuworkspost2013

Experimental study on repeatedly loaded foundation soil strengthened by wraparound geosynthetic reinforcement technique

In the present paper, a new foundation model has been proposed by introducing a stretched rough elastic membrane in the Pasternak shear layer sandwiched between two spring layers which is an extension of Kerr model. Considering the equilibrium of different elements, the equations governing the elastic settlement response of the model are derived. Finite difference scheme has been employed to solve the governing equations. The parametric studies carried out show the effect of several parameters on the elastic settlement response of the model. The proposed model is well suited for idealizing the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill-soft soil system besides other applications.

Sanjay Kumar Shukla

Papers

Rock Mechanics: An Introduction

Effect of Submergence on Settlement and Bearing Capacity of Surface Strip Footing on Geotextile-Reinforced Sand Bed

Effects of alkali-activated waste binder in soil stabilization

Experimental study on repeatedly loaded foundation soil strengthened by wraparound geosynthetic reinforcement technique

A study on a new mechanical model for foundations and its elastic settlement response