Part I Theoretical concepts: introduction suboptimal nonlinear filters a tutorial on particle filters Cramer-Rao bounds for nonlinear filtering Part II Tracking applications: tracking a ballistic object bearings-only tracking range-only tracking bistatic radar tracking tracking targets through blind Doppler terrain aided tracking detection and tracking of stealthy targets group and extended object tracking

Beyond the Kalman Filter: Particle Filters for Tracking Applications

http://experimentationlab.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/AFMImages/butt_AFM.pdf

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

to be done in this area. Face recognition is a problem that scarcely clamoured for attention before the computer age but, having surfaced, has involved a wide range of techniques and has attracted the attention of some fine minds (David Mumford was a Fields Medallist in 1974). This singular application of mathematical modelling to a messy applied problem of obvious utility and importance but with no unique solution is a pretty one to share with students: perhaps, returning to the source of our opening quotation, we may invert Duncan's earlier observation, 'There is an art to find the mind's construction in the face!'.

Linear and nonlinear waves, by G. B. Whitham. Pp.636. £50. 1999. ISBN 0 471 35942 4 (Wiley).

This book describes and explains the fundamental physical processes involved in bubble dynamics and the phenomenon of cavitation. It is intended as a combination of a reference book for those scientists and engineers who work with cavitation or bubble dynamics and as a monograph for advanced students interested in some of the basic problems associated with this category of multiphase flows. A basic knowledge of fluid flow and heat transfer is assumed but otherwise the analytical methods presented are developed from basic principles.

The book begins with a chapter on nucleation and describes both the theory and observations of nucleation in flowing and non-flowing systems. The following three chapters provide a systematic treatment of the dynamics of the growth, collapse or oscillation of individual bubbles in otherwise quiescent liquids. Chapter 4 summarizes the state of knowledge of the motion of bubbles in liquids. Chapter 5 describes some of the phenomena which occur in homogeneous bubbly flows with particular emphasis on cloud cavitation and this is followed by a chapter summarizing some of the experiemntal observations of cavitating flows. The last chapter provides a review of the free streamline methods used to treat separated cavity flows with large attached cavities.

/pdf/cavitation-and-bubble-dynamics-1vfop84jck.pdf

Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics

The boundary layer equations for plane, incompressible, and steady flow are 

$$\matrix{ {u{{\partial u} \over {\partial x}} + v{{\partial u} \over {\partial y}} = - {1 \over \varrho }{{\partial p} \over {\partial x}} + v{{{\partial ^2}u} \over {\partial {y^2}}},} \cr {0 = {{\partial p} \over {\partial y}},} \cr {{{\partial u} \over {\partial x}} + {{\partial v} \over {\partial y}} = 0.} \cr }$$

Boundary Layer Theory

A method for particle image velocimetry (PIV) is presented which improves upon the accuracy, computational efficiency and dynamic range (i.e., the difference between the largest and smallest resolvable particle displacement vectors) of conventional PIV techniques. The technique is applied to free-surface turbulence to resolve energy spectra for motions with a wide dynamic range. The methodology—based on multi-grid image processing algorithms for rigid body motion analysis, estimates the displacement vectors at discrete particle locations. The essence of this technique is to estimate large scale motions from image intensity patterns of low spatial frequencies and small scale motions from intensity patterns of high spatial frequencies. Cross-correlation between a pair of time separated particle images is implemented by the hierarchical computational scheme of Burt [“Fast filter transforms for image processing,” Int. J. Comput. Vision 16, 20 (1981)]. Each image is convolved with a series of band-pass filters...

Development and application of a hierarchical system for digital particle image velocimetry to free-surface turbulence

For the present study we developed a three-dimensional numerical method based on the level set method that is applicable to two-phase systems with high-density ratio. The present solver for the Navier-Stokes equations was based on the projection method with a non-staggered grid. We improved the treatment of the convection terms and the interpolation method that was used to obtain the intermediate volume flux defined on the cell faces. We also improved the solver for the pressure Poisson equations and the reinitialization procedure of the level set function

An improved three-dimensional level set method for gas-liquid two-phase flows

Turbulent flow in a straight square duct driven by a pressure gradient exhibits remarkable flow structures such as the presence of mean streamwise vorticity or secondary flows. These secondary circulations take the form of two counter-rotating vortices near each corner of the duct. Even though their magnitudes are small compared with primary streamwise motions, they have a significant influence on flow and scalar transport and are challenging to accurately predict using computational approaches. In this paper, we employ a recently developed formulation of the generalized lattice Boltzmann equation (GLBE) with forcing term to perform large eddy simulation of fully developed turbulent flow in a square duct at a shear Reynolds number based on duct width equal to 300. Subgrid scale effects are represented by the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity model, which is modified by the van Driest damping function in the near-wall regions, in this GLBE approach, which is based on multiple relaxation times. It was found that the GLBE is able to correctly reproduce the existence of mean secondary motions and the computed detailed structure of first- and second-order statistics of main and secondary motions are in good agreement with prior direct numerical simulations based on the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and experimental data.

Sanjoy Banerjee

Papers

Development and application of a hierarchical system for digital particle image velocimetry to free-surface turbulence

An improved three-dimensional level set method for gas-liquid two-phase flows

Computation of turbulent flow and secondary motions in a square duct using a forced generalized lattice Boltzmann equation.

Upwellings, Downdrafts, and Whirlpools: Dominant Structures in Free Surface Turbulence

Single-exposure neutron tomography of two-phase flow