The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

We present the theory and design of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). We propose an efficient and simplified method to compute the input and antecedent operations for interval type-2 FLSs: one that is based on a general inference formula for them. We introduce the concept of upper and lower membership functions (MFs) and illustrate our efficient inference method for the case of Gaussian primary MFs. We also propose a method for designing an interval type-2 FLS in which we tune its parameters. Finally, we design type-2 FLSs to perform time-series forecasting when a nonstationary time-series is corrupted by additive noise where SNR is uncertain and demonstrate an improved performance over type-1 FLSs.

https://sipi.usc.edu/~mendel/publications/Liang%26Mendel%20TFS%2010-00%20%232.pdf

Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems: theory and design

We introduce a type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), which can handle rule uncertainties. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference, and output processing. We focus on "output processing," which consists of type reduction and defuzzification. Type-reduction methods are extended versions of type-1 defuzzification methods. Type reduction captures more information about rule uncertainties than does the defuzzified value (a crisp number), however, it is computationally intensive, except for interval type-2 fuzzy sets for which we provide a simple type-reduction computation procedure. We also apply a type-2 FLS to time-varying channel equalization and demonstrate that it provides better performance than a type-1 FLS and nearest neighbor classifier.

/pdf/type-2-fuzzy-logic-systems-20ss17tkqw.pdf

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. By R.V. Hogg and A. T. Craig. Pp. ix, 245. 47s. 1959. (The Macmillan Company, New York)

WiMAX with its standard IEEE 802.16d/e is the advanced technology used for long range communication with high data rate. It is well known that theorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising technique for getting high data rate in multi path fading environment. Hence the physical layer of WiMAX uses OFDM. But the main disadvantage of OFDM is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper we analyze how PAPR reduction is achieved using selected mapping (SLM) technique and simultaneously without sending the side information (SI) along with the OFDM symbol. Here the PAPR performance using complimentary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) plot and the probability of SI detection error performance have been evaluated as the criteria for WiMAX standard IEEE 802.16e.

Selected mapping based PAPR reduction in WiMAX without sending the side information

In this paper, self-tuned, rule-optimized multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is implemented on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The design of membership functions, rule base are made with aid of genetic algorithm (GA). Flexibility in FPGA design is implemented through tuning of FLC parameters. The system is modularized as rule base development, rule base transfer and computations on FPGA. Based on the system, an experimental dataset is obtained, which is utilized in a capable computing platform so as to develop a fine-tuned fuzzy rule base. The synthesized rule base is transferred to FPGA along with user provided inputs through a GUI. The GUI also displays the output result sent by FPGA. The communication between the GUI and the FPGA is done via universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter. Rule-optimized FLC is implemented on Xilinx Virtex-5 LX110T board. This dedicated single chip architecture performs high-speed fuzzy inferences with processing speed up to 760 KFLIPS at a clock frequency of 247 MHz using 8 rules, 2 input variables at 16-bit resolution. Experiments of software implementation and hardware software co-design implementation are presented and compared.

/pdf/fpga-implementation-of-rule-optimization-for-stand-alone-3ge6rles8a.pdf

FPGA implementation of rule optimization for stand-alone tunable fuzzy logic controller using GA

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is generally used for diagnosis of cardiovascular abnormalities and heart disorders. An efficient method for analyzing the ECG signal towards the detection of cardiovascular abnormalities and ischemic episodes follows mainly five stages: pre-processing, feature extraction,cardiac abnormality detection, beat classification and ischemic episode recognition.The detection of cardiovascular abnormalities like bradycardia and tachycardia is based on the calculation of heart rate(HR) from the extracted ECG features.The extracted ST-segment and T-wave features are used for detection of ischemic episodes.The ability of the method was tested on European ST-T database. The performance of ischemic episode detection shows 88.08% sensitivity (Se) and 92.42% positive predictive accuracy (PPA).

/pdf/ecg-signal-analysis-for-detection-of-cardiovascular-24rekyca6x.pdf

ECG signal analysis for detection of cardiovascular abnormalities and ischemic episodes

Wireless communication system are affected by inter- symbol interference, co-channel interference in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. Different equalization techniques have been used to mitigate these effects using Artificial Neural Networks based Multilayer Perceptron Network, Radial Basis Function, Fuzzy System, Functional link Artificial Neural Networks and etc, conventionally linear adaptive filter trained by LMS and RLS algorithm. In this paper we proposed a RBF based equalizer which is trained using Wilcoxon learning method. The equalizer presented shows considerable performance gain. Simulation studies have been conducted to demonstrate the performance of Wilcoxon training for this class of problem.

Novel Approach to Cochannel Interference Mitigation Using Wilcoxon Generalized Radial Basis Function Network

The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetric key algorithms that have several advantages in data encryption. However, a drawback of this algorithm is that the inverse of the matrix used for encrypting the plaintext does not always exist. So, if the matrix is not invertible, the encrypted text cannot be decrypted. This paper presents a variant of the Hill cipher that overcomes this disadvantage. The proposed technique adjusts the encryption key to form a different key for each block encryption. The proposed variant yields higher security compared to the original one. Also in this paper, a method of generating self-invertible matrix for Hill Cipher algorithm has been proposed. In the self-invertible matrix generation method, the matrix used for the encryption is itself self-invertible. So, at the time of decryption, we need not to find inverse of the matrix. Moreover, this method eliminates the computational complexity involved in finding inverse of the matrix while decryption.

/pdf/novel-modified-hill-cipher-algorithm-3juqemzeks.pdf

Sarat Kumar Patra

Papers

Selected mapping based PAPR reduction in WiMAX without sending the side information

FPGA implementation of rule optimization for stand-alone tunable fuzzy logic controller using GA

ECG signal analysis for detection of cardiovascular abnormalities and ischemic episodes

Novel Approach to Cochannel Interference Mitigation Using Wilcoxon Generalized Radial Basis Function Network

Novel modified hill cipher algorithm