The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

We present the theory and design of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). We propose an efficient and simplified method to compute the input and antecedent operations for interval type-2 FLSs: one that is based on a general inference formula for them. We introduce the concept of upper and lower membership functions (MFs) and illustrate our efficient inference method for the case of Gaussian primary MFs. We also propose a method for designing an interval type-2 FLS in which we tune its parameters. Finally, we design type-2 FLSs to perform time-series forecasting when a nonstationary time-series is corrupted by additive noise where SNR is uncertain and demonstrate an improved performance over type-1 FLSs.

https://sipi.usc.edu/~mendel/publications/Liang%26Mendel%20TFS%2010-00%20%232.pdf

Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems: theory and design

We introduce a type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), which can handle rule uncertainties. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference, and output processing. We focus on "output processing," which consists of type reduction and defuzzification. Type-reduction methods are extended versions of type-1 defuzzification methods. Type reduction captures more information about rule uncertainties than does the defuzzified value (a crisp number), however, it is computationally intensive, except for interval type-2 fuzzy sets for which we provide a simple type-reduction computation procedure. We also apply a type-2 FLS to time-varying channel equalization and demonstrate that it provides better performance than a type-1 FLS and nearest neighbor classifier.

/pdf/type-2-fuzzy-logic-systems-20ss17tkqw.pdf

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. By R.V. Hogg and A. T. Craig. Pp. ix, 245. 47s. 1959. (The Macmillan Company, New York)

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access technique has attracted much attention for broadband wireless access in the fourth generation and fifth generation wireless communication syste...

Parallel Resource Allocation and Subcarrier Assignment for Downlink OFDMA

Due to the demand of clients, the service provider network needs to provide functionalities such as dynamic data- path provisioning, de-provisioning and protection and rerouting in order to provide guaranteed Quality of service (QoS). In corporate with that, we present a centralized data-path control mechanism for DWDM/GMPLS network based on the existing network traffic. It is important to understand the process that provide the QoS information to the control plane protocols and use this information efficiently to compute feasible data-path for the prospective of client traffic requirements. In this work we consider the problem of providing guaranteed service, provisioning and de-provisioning of data- path of the Electro-Optical Network (1). This Electro-optical Network supports multimedia applications having various QoS requirements of the clients. Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) traffic requires a good traffic engineering control model, which can be applied at any router. This traffic engineering control model can be centralized or distributed, where the distributed traffic engineering control model is more scalable than centralized one. In our design, we consider both the cases but in different conditions, where both the cases are partially dependent on each other. This model considers different QoS constraints, like bandwidth and end-to-end delay for the guaranteed services. Such application requires the network to provide a wide range of QoS guarantees. Whereas the guaranteed bandwidth must be large enough to accommodate motion video of acceptable resolution, end-to- end delay must be small enough for interactive communication. In order to avoid breaks in continuity of audio and video playback, delay jitter and loss must be sufficiently small. In our work, the QoS requirements of the client have been considered in terms of bandwidth and delay. We specify our network model based on all those QoS parameters by providing an end-to-end delay bound (2, 3) model based on the source-destination traffic characteristics. In this paper, we have mentioned bandwidth and end- to-end delay model, with a simple method for the provisioning of a data-path for a set of applications. The main objectives of this paper is to when and how to provision and de-provision a data-path for the incoming traffics at the access router. We solves these problems by formulating a mathematical admission control model and a traffic aggregation model for the general purpose router (GPR), which can solve the problem of traffic optimization at the access router. In addition that, we have Traffic Engineering model based on the idea of differentiated services (DiffServ) (4) to maintain the quality of services of every incoming traffic. This DiffServ architecture achieves scalability by aggregating traffic classification state, which is conveyed by means of IP- layer. This architecture achieves scalability by implementing complex classification and conditioning functions at network GPRs, and by applying per-hop behaviours to aggregates of traffic. Per-hop behaviours are defined to permit a reasonably granular means of allocating buffer and bandwidth resources at every GPR among competing traffic streams. Per- application flow or per-client forwarding state need not be maintained within the core of the network. In this research work we will consider a GMPLS capable hybrid network with general purpose routers (GPR), which is the combination of IP and WDM network. The GPRs supports QoS guarantees and may be used as access or gateway routers for optical switching equipment leading to the core transport network. Based on the global monitoring and control information of the Traffic Control Manager (TCM), it is proposed a data-path control mechanism for the provisioning and de-provisioning of data-paths. The work will focus on GMPLS techniques, which is defined as the IP based control of optical resources, where GPRs are expected to deliver advanced services at higher throughput while handling large amounts of label switching path (LSP) creation/deletion, traffic engineering link information exchange, and link state advertisements. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that it combines provisioning and de-provisioning of data-path for the hybrid network under a common framework, using the hybrid information obtained by monitoring the GPRs in the network. This technique will be useful to service provider networks, where both IP and WDM network domains are owned or leased by the same operator. Using these techniques the service provider can optimally utilize his network of GPRs and optical gear for better utilization of resources. In the next section, the network model is introduced.

Centralized Data-path Control Mechanism for DWDM/GMPLS Network

Accuracy and efficiency are two important objectives of modeling ground penetrating radar (GPR) signal. Achieving both together is a driving factor for advanced research in the state of art for GPR community. Full wave model (FWM) promises great accuracy to detect layered media. However time efficiency of FWM is poor compared to other simplified models. This work presents a new plane wave model (PWM) based on simplified expression of an FWM. The proposed model is capable of detecting layered media in far field condition with great accuracy and efficiency. Based on this scheme a monostatic frequency domain GPR system is realized in laboratory environment. The model is validated by testing water layer and comparing accuracy and efficiency with an existing FWM scheme.

Modeling GPR signal for fast and accurate characterization of layered media

In this paper, a low complexity and efficient multiuser space time block code multicarrier code division multiple access (STBC MC-CDMA) for downlink wireless communication system is proposed. STBC MC-CDMA provides diversity gain to improve transmission efficiency of mobile wireless systems where both STBC encoder and decoder are in time domain thus reducing the complexity at the receiver side. Proposed STBC MC-CDMA scheme achieves a diversity order of 2 without channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter under flat fading conditions without bandwidth expansion. In this paper, the STBC MC-CDMA is compared with the STBC OFDM scheme under Rayleigh fading channel and AWGN channel using zero forcing (ZF) linear detection scheme and as anticipated the proposed STBC MC-CDMA outperforms STBC OFDM. Simulation results verify this.

/pdf/performance-analysis-of-low-complexity-multiuser-stbc-mc-ixcppym86u.pdf

Performance Analysis of Low-Complexity Multiuser STBC MC-CDMA System

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of many tiny, autonomous sensor nodes capable of sensing, computation and communication. The main objective of IEEE 802.15.4 based WSN standard is to provide low cost, low power and short range communication. Providing QoS in WSN is a challenging task due to its severe resource constraints in terms of energy, network bandwidth, memory, and CPU. In this chapter, Quality of Service (QoS) performance evaluation has been carried out for IEEE 802.15.4 networks based WSN star and mesh topology using routing protocols like AODV, DSR and DYMO in QualNet 4.5 simulator. Performance evaluations metrics like Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, average end to end delay, energy per goodput bit, network lifetime of battery model and total energy consumption which includes transmission, reception, idle and sleep mode were considered for both the topology. From the simulation studies and analysis, it can be seen that on an average DSR and DYMO performs better than AODV for different traffic load rates.

Sarat Kumar Patra

Papers

Parallel Resource Allocation and Subcarrier Assignment for Downlink OFDMA

Centralized Data-path Control Mechanism for DWDM/GMPLS Network

Modeling GPR signal for fast and accurate characterization of layered media

Performance Analysis of Low-Complexity Multiuser STBC MC-CDMA System

Performance Evaluation of Quality of Service in IEEE 802.15.4-Based Wireless Sensor Networks