The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

We present the theory and design of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). We propose an efficient and simplified method to compute the input and antecedent operations for interval type-2 FLSs: one that is based on a general inference formula for them. We introduce the concept of upper and lower membership functions (MFs) and illustrate our efficient inference method for the case of Gaussian primary MFs. We also propose a method for designing an interval type-2 FLS in which we tune its parameters. Finally, we design type-2 FLSs to perform time-series forecasting when a nonstationary time-series is corrupted by additive noise where SNR is uncertain and demonstrate an improved performance over type-1 FLSs.

https://sipi.usc.edu/~mendel/publications/Liang%26Mendel%20TFS%2010-00%20%232.pdf

Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems: theory and design

We introduce a type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), which can handle rule uncertainties. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference, and output processing. We focus on "output processing," which consists of type reduction and defuzzification. Type-reduction methods are extended versions of type-1 defuzzification methods. Type reduction captures more information about rule uncertainties than does the defuzzified value (a crisp number), however, it is computationally intensive, except for interval type-2 fuzzy sets for which we provide a simple type-reduction computation procedure. We also apply a type-2 FLS to time-varying channel equalization and demonstrate that it provides better performance than a type-1 FLS and nearest neighbor classifier.

/pdf/type-2-fuzzy-logic-systems-20ss17tkqw.pdf

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. By R.V. Hogg and A. T. Craig. Pp. ix, 245. 47s. 1959. (The Macmillan Company, New York)

Spectrum sensing is fundamental functionality in Cognitive Radio (CR) to identify spectral white spaces for opportunistic communication. Around last decade thorough study of spectrum sensing suggests that traditional energy detection (ED) performance is better and fast at high SNR and worst in low SNR, whereas cyclostationary and Eigenvalue based methods perform better at low SNR, but implementation complexity is high. As suggested in IEEE 802.22 standard for CR, we propose in this paper, novel two stage spectrum sensing based on energy detection as coarse sensing first stage and combination of maximum-minimum eigen value based detection technique (CMME) as fine sensing second stage. The dual stage threshold parameter is designed to maximize the probability of detection for given constraints on the probability of false alarm. Comparative analysis of single stage ED, Combination of maximum-minimum eigen value based detection (CMME), Cyclostationary detection technique (CSD), Combination of Cyclostationary detection and ED detection and Combination of CMME and ED detection is performed using probability detection (P d ) versus SNR curve.

/pdf/two-stage-spectrum-sensing-for-cognitive-radio-using-cmme-u1zgwr5e4r.pdf

Two stage spectrum sensing for Cognitive Radio using CMME

The concept of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has been introduced for local area connectivity as a means to improve the cellular spectrum utilization and to reduce the energy consumption of user equipments. The performance of D2D communication is practically limited due to large distance and/or poor channel conditions between the D2D transmitter and receiver. To overcome these issues, a relay-assisted D2D communication has been introduced where a device relaying is an additional transmission mode along with the existing cellular and D2D transmission modes. In this paper, a transmission mode assignment algorithm based on the Hungarian algorithm is proposed to improve the overall system throughput. The proposed algorithm tries to solve two problems: a suitable transmission mode selection for each scheduled transmissions and a device selection for relaying communication between user equipments in the relay transmission mode. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm could improve the system performance in terms of the overall system throughput and D2D data rate.

Hungarian Method Based Joint Transmission Mode and Relay Selection in Device-to-Device Communication

The k-tier heterogeneous wireless networks (kHWN) deployment focused on the needs of the users. Many challenges exist in integrating kHWN architectures into one seamless flow of voice, data and multimedia. The handoff's between kHWN that allows user equipment (UE) to continuously find seamless connectivity with the transceivers is complex and challenging. The common and most desired, cost effective parameter for vertical handoff scheme (VHOS) is the receiving signal strength (RSS). In this paper we investigated the best suited empirical and statistical model to get the optimized result of the RSS for GSM, UMTS, advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WLAN which are integrated in the kHWN. Based on the RSS results the VHOS algorithm for kHWN is proposed, to achive mobility within the kHWN. The simulation results validate the findings.

Received Signal Strength Based Vertical Hand Off Scheme for K-Tier Heterogeneous Networks

Filter Bank Multicarrier(FBMC) is a strong waveform contender for 5G communication because of it's very low out of band radiation and high spectral efficiency. Like OFDM, FBMC also suffers from high peak to average power ratio(PAPR) problem which reduces power amplifier efficiency. Here we used FBMC-OQAM(offset quadrature amplitude modulation) which is the most efficient method among all FBMC schemes. There are several PAPR reduction techniques. Tone Injection(TI) is one of the PAPR reduction technique in which we add equivalent constellation points to the original constellation point in such a way that PAPR will reduce without compromising spectral efficiency. Companding is another PAPR reduction technique in which compression of low amplitude signal and expansion of large amplitude signal in the transmitter side and reverse operation in the receiver side is performed to reduce the PAPR of signal. In this paper, we proposed a PAPR reduction scheme based on the combination of tone injection and companding techniques. The simulation results show that the combined method gives better result compared to TI and Companding methods taken separately.

Combining tone injection and companding techniques for PAPR reduction of FBMC-OQAM system

This article presents the compact planar antenna with 3.5/5.5/8.2 GHz triple band-notched characteristics. The antenna consists of an octagon shape patch with 50 X transmission line. By etching two C-shaped slots in the patch and adding pair of L-shaped resonator coupled to the radiating patch, band-rejected filtering properties in the WiMAX/WLAN/ITU bands are achieved. The proposed ultrawide band (UWB) antenna is optimized to operate in the frequency band from 3 to 11 GHz for VSWR < 2. Measured results confirm that the antenna is suitable for UWB applications because of its compact size and high performance. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:539-543, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26581

Sarat Kumar Patra

Papers

Two stage spectrum sensing for Cognitive Radio using CMME

Hungarian Method Based Joint Transmission Mode and Relay Selection in Device-to-Device Communication

Received Signal Strength Based Vertical Hand Off Scheme for K-Tier Heterogeneous Networks

Combining tone injection and companding techniques for PAPR reduction of FBMC-OQAM system

A triple band-notched planar monopole antenna for ultra-wide band applications