The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

We present the theory and design of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). We propose an efficient and simplified method to compute the input and antecedent operations for interval type-2 FLSs: one that is based on a general inference formula for them. We introduce the concept of upper and lower membership functions (MFs) and illustrate our efficient inference method for the case of Gaussian primary MFs. We also propose a method for designing an interval type-2 FLS in which we tune its parameters. Finally, we design type-2 FLSs to perform time-series forecasting when a nonstationary time-series is corrupted by additive noise where SNR is uncertain and demonstrate an improved performance over type-1 FLSs.

https://sipi.usc.edu/~mendel/publications/Liang%26Mendel%20TFS%2010-00%20%232.pdf

Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems: theory and design

We introduce a type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), which can handle rule uncertainties. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference, and output processing. We focus on "output processing," which consists of type reduction and defuzzification. Type-reduction methods are extended versions of type-1 defuzzification methods. Type reduction captures more information about rule uncertainties than does the defuzzified value (a crisp number), however, it is computationally intensive, except for interval type-2 fuzzy sets for which we provide a simple type-reduction computation procedure. We also apply a type-2 FLS to time-varying channel equalization and demonstrate that it provides better performance than a type-1 FLS and nearest neighbor classifier.

/pdf/type-2-fuzzy-logic-systems-20ss17tkqw.pdf

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. By R.V. Hogg and A. T. Craig. Pp. ix, 245. 47s. 1959. (The Macmillan Company, New York)

This paper analyzes the effects of fixed point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) computation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. The performance of WLAN has been investigated using Matlab simulations under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel for different modulation schemes. The simulations carried out here, show the effects of fixed point FFT on the performance of OFDM used in wireless LAN. Extensive computer simulations show that fixed point computation provides very near result as floating point if the delay parameter is suitably selected.

/pdf/effects-of-fixed-point-fft-on-the-performance-of-ofdm-in-43msrin6hm.pdf

Effects of Fixed Point FFT on the Performance of OFDM in Wireless LAN

The robustness of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has made it a preferred choice for many applications. WSNs should perform the intended sensing task with a limited amount of energy. Clustering methodology is used to reduce sensor nodes' energy consumption and increase the network lifetime by organizing nodes into independent groups. In this article, a hierarchical structured cluster routing (HSCR) protocol based on the principle of an m-way balanced tree has been proposed for multi-hop intra-cluster communication and offload the cluster head. It enhances the network performance by providing an underlying architecture that reduces the intra-cluster communication distance and the amount of data sent to the cluster head. In the proposed HSCR protocol, an m-way tree-based hierarchical structure has been proposed in which balanced structure is formed within each cluster so that data aggregation is performed at each intermediate parent node. The proposed approach can be implemented over any communication protocol used in WSNs. Simulation results prove that the proposed algorithms outperform traditional clustering algorithms, LEACH and CT-RPL, in terms of network stability, energy consumption, and network lifetime. Simulation results affirm that the proposed algorithms outperform traditional clustering algorithms, LEACH and CT-RPL, in terms of network stability, energy consumption, average intra-cluster communication distance and network lifetime by 105.32%, 49.23%, 14.98%, 109.31%, and 35.75%, 15.32%, 17%, 24.31%, respectively. 

HSCR: Hierarchical structured cluster routing protocol for load balanced wireless sensor networks

The paper presents the structural stability and electronic properties of various gas molecules AGaNNR with a width (Na) of 5, 7 and 9. Width dependency is analysed using density functional theory (DFT). The electronic properties of all bare AGaNNR configurations exhibit the semiconducting nature. The reduction in the band gap has been noticed for selective edge adsorption. Due to interactions between CO2, CO, NO2, NO and O2 gas molecules, AGaNNR turns its nature from semiconducting to metallic. Based on binding energy/adsorption calculations, O2-AGaNNR configuration found to be the most stable and energetically favoured configuration as compared to other configurations. CO2, CO, NO2, NO and O2 gases are selected as the targeted gas molecules and their adsorption on AGaNNRs have been selected for different configurations. The sensing capabilities of various harmful environmental gases are investigated and compared with width dependency. The selectivity of CO2/O2 of AGaNNR configuration is the most preferred one amongst all considered configurations. Due to the lower recovery time, CO2-AGaNNR configuration can be considered for fast sensing devices. The proposed device shows the potential for futuristic low power and high speed nano-scale sensor device applications.

First Principle Investigations on Gas Molecules (CO₂, CO, NO₂, No and O₂) Using Armchair GaN Nanoribbons for Nano Sensor Applications

Multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MU-OFDMA) technique has attracted much attention for broadband wireless access in future generation wireless communication systems. To achieve high data rate under constraint conditions, systems require proper resource allocation. This demands, sophisticated signal processing algorithms, which are computationally complex. This paper proposed a low complexity suboptimal joint algorithm for resource allocation (task-1) and subcarrier assignment (task-2). The power allocation is carried out using the water-filling algorithm. The proposed algorithm is compared with existing Hungarian algorithm (HA) and amplitude craving greedy (ACG) algorithm for spectral efficiency, fairness among the users and computational complexity. The simulations results show that the proposed algorithm performs close to the HA. It maintains high fairness among the users and has reduced computational complexity compare to the existing algorithms.

A low-complexity suboptimal algorithm for joint subcarrier assignment in downlink OFDMA system

This is the first work which has investigated the gamma-gamma turbulence model while considering several types of numerical integration approaches. Basing on stability and skewness opinions, this investigation declares the suitability of Matsuno and Quasi-Adams-Bashforth 2 methods for developing true gamma-gamma turbulence model. This is followed by highlighting the need of LDPC coding to meet the challenges in outdoor optical wireless communication system. The performance of proposed linearly punctured Re-jagged AR4JA LDPC code has been investigated further to declare its suitability to be applied in outdoor optical wireless communication system.

Sarat Kumar Patra

Papers

Effects of Fixed Point FFT on the Performance of OFDM in Wireless LAN

HSCR: Hierarchical structured cluster routing protocol for load balanced wireless sensor networks

First Principle Investigations on Gas Molecules (CO₂, CO, NO₂, No and O₂) Using Armchair GaN Nanoribbons for Nano Sensor Applications

A low-complexity suboptimal algorithm for joint subcarrier assignment in downlink OFDMA system

Re-jagged AR4JA LDPC coded outdoor optical wireless communication system