The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

We present the theory and design of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). We propose an efficient and simplified method to compute the input and antecedent operations for interval type-2 FLSs: one that is based on a general inference formula for them. We introduce the concept of upper and lower membership functions (MFs) and illustrate our efficient inference method for the case of Gaussian primary MFs. We also propose a method for designing an interval type-2 FLS in which we tune its parameters. Finally, we design type-2 FLSs to perform time-series forecasting when a nonstationary time-series is corrupted by additive noise where SNR is uncertain and demonstrate an improved performance over type-1 FLSs.

https://sipi.usc.edu/~mendel/publications/Liang%26Mendel%20TFS%2010-00%20%232.pdf

Interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems: theory and design

We introduce a type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), which can handle rule uncertainties. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference, and output processing. We focus on "output processing," which consists of type reduction and defuzzification. Type-reduction methods are extended versions of type-1 defuzzification methods. Type reduction captures more information about rule uncertainties than does the defuzzified value (a crisp number), however, it is computationally intensive, except for interval type-2 fuzzy sets for which we provide a simple type-reduction computation procedure. We also apply a type-2 FLS to time-varying channel equalization and demonstrate that it provides better performance than a type-1 FLS and nearest neighbor classifier.

/pdf/type-2-fuzzy-logic-systems-20ss17tkqw.pdf

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. By R.V. Hogg and A. T. Craig. Pp. ix, 245. 47s. 1959. (The Macmillan Company, New York)

IEEE 802.15.4 is the emerging next generation wireless standard designed for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN), which suit wireless sensor networks applications. It attempts to provide a low cost, low power and short range wireless networking. The QoS is more challenging in heterogeneous wireless sensors networks, where a diverse mixture of sensors for monitoring temperature, pressure, and humidity are deployed to monitor the phenomena. So, it introduces different reading rates at these sensors. This paper provides the performance evaluation of Quality of Service parameters of WSN based on IEEE 802.15.4 mesh topology using reactive MANET routing for varying traffic loads. The data packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, total energy consumption and network lifetime are investigated as the performance metrics. The results show that DSR and DYMO perform better than AODV in mesh topology non beacon enabled mode.

Quality of service analysis in IEEE 802.15.4 mesh networks using MANET routing

Short term load forecasting is very essential to the operation of electricity companies. It enhances the energy-efficient and reliable operation of power system. Artificial neural networks are employed for nonlinear short term load forecasting owing to their powerful nonlinear mapping capabilities. These are generally trained through back-propagation, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial immune system (AIS). All these algorithms have specific benefits in terms of accuracy, speed of convergence and historical data requirement for training. In this paper a hybrid AIS is proposed, which is a combination of back-propagation with AIS to get faster convergence, lesser historical data requirement for training with a little compromise in accuracy.

Short Term Load Forecasting using a Neural Network trained by A Hybrid Artificial Immune System

This paper explores a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) design that can satisfy a wide range of frequency which can be used for GSM application. PLL is used for the wireless communication in the GHz range to correct the phase and frequency error and provides synchronization with low locking time, reduced skew and jitter. The PLL is used inside many processing elements to provide clock synchronization and clock recovery. Above important applications call for the design of a Phase Locked Loop with low phase noise, low lock in time and high capture range. The design of this PLL is performed in 90nm process technology (GPDK 090) in cadence virtuoso Analog design environment which achieves a frequency range of 250 MHz to 950 MHz. This PLL has phase noise of -91.74 dBc/ Hz at 1 MHz of offset frequency where the lock in time is 220 ns which is considerably less.

Design of a low noise PLL for GSM application

The efficiency of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) system significantly depends on the antenna performance as signal has to propagate through lossy and inhomogeneous media. In this research work a resistively loaded compact Bow-tie antenna which can operate through a wide bandwidth of 4.1 GHz is proposed. The sharp corners of the slot antenna are rounded so as to minimize the end-fire reflections. The proposed antenna employs a resistive loading technique through a thin sheet of graphite to attain the ultra-wide bandwidth. The simulated results obtained from CST Microwave Studio v14 and HFSS v14 show a good amount of agreement for the antenna performance parameters. The proposed antenna has potential to apply for the GPR applications as it provides improved radiation efficiency, enhanced bandwidth, gain, directivity and reduced end-fire reflections.

Design and simulation of compact UWB Bow-tie antenna with reduced end-fire reflections for GPR applications

In this paper, a design and analysis of compact coplanar waveguide-fed ultra wideband slot antenna is presented. The proposed antenna has simple structure consisting octagon shape on a square patch the overall dimension of the antenna come around 29mmX29mmX1.6mm and fed by 50Ω probe feed. The impedance matching and radiation characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MOM based IE3D TM . The simulation results show that the antenna offers excellent performance for UWB application ranging from 7GHz to 10.65GHz. The proposed antenna achieved -10dB impedance bandwidth cover about 41%. The proposed antenna gain is 7.5dBi is achieved. This antenna configuration would be quiet useful for UWB indoor application as it is easy to fabricate and integrate with RF circuitry. Index Terms-Coplanar waveguide (CPW), Slot Antenna Ultra Wideband (UWB), IE3D.

http://dspace.nitrkl.ac.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2080/1131/1/ICMRS-NATARAJ2.pdf

Sarat Kumar Patra

Papers

Quality of service analysis in IEEE 802.15.4 mesh networks using MANET routing

Short Term Load Forecasting using a Neural Network trained by A Hybrid Artificial Immune System

Design of a low noise PLL for GSM application

Design and simulation of compact UWB Bow-tie antenna with reduced end-fire reflections for GPR applications

CPW-FED Octagon Shape Slot Antenna for UWB Application