応用水文 = Applied hydrology

Cet article analyse les relations conceptuelles (imprecises) de la vulnerabilite, de la resilience et de la capacite d’adaptation aux changements climatiques selon le systeme socio-ecologique (socio-ecologigal systems – SES) afin de comprendre et anticiper le comportement des composantes sociales et ecologiques du systeme. Une serie de questions est proposee par l’auteur sur la specification de ces termes afin de developper une structure conceptuelle qui inclut les dimensions naturelles et so...

Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity

Drought is a complex natural hazard that impacts ecosystems and society in many ways. Many of these impacts are associated with hydrological drought (drought in rivers, lakes, and groundwater). It is, therefore, crucial to understand the development and recovery of hydrological drought. In this review an overview is given of the current state of scientific knowledge of definitions, processes, and quantification of hydrological drought. Special attention is given to the influence of climate and terrestrial properties (geology, land use) on hydrological drought characteristics and the role of storage. Furthermore, the current debate about the use and usefulness of different drought indicators is highlighted and recent advances in drought monitoring and prediction are mentioned. Research on projections of hydrological drought for the future is summarized. This review also briefly touches upon the link of hydrological drought characteristics with impacts and the issues related to drought management. Finally, four challenges for future research on hydrological drought are defined that relate international initiatives such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the ‘Panta Rhei’ decade of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). WIREs Water 2015, 2:359–392. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1085

For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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Hydrological drought explained

Understanding, management and modelling of urban hydrology and its consequences for receiving waters: A state of the art

This paper reviews state-of-the-art empirical, hydrodynamic and simple conceptual models for determining flood inundation. It explores their advantages and limitations, highlights the most recent advances and discusses future directions. It addresses how uncertainty is analysed in this field with the various approaches and identifies opportunities for handling it better. The aim is to inform scientists new to the field, and help emergency response agencies, water resources managers, insurance companies and other decision makers keep up-to-date with the latest developments. Guidance is provided for selecting the most suitable method/model for solving practical flood related problems, taking into account the specific outputs required for the modelling purpose, the data available and computational demands. Multi-model, multi-discipline approaches are recommended in order to further advance this research field. This paper reviews state-of-the-art flood inundation models.It explores their advantages and limitations.It highlights the most recent advances and discusses future directions.It addresses how uncertainty is analysed and identifies opportunities for handling it better.

Flood inundation modelling

1 University of Sheffield, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK 2 MARE Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal 3 IMAR Institute of Marine Research, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal 4 Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munich, Germany 5 Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK * Corresponding author’s e-mail: m.rubinato@sheffield.ac.uk

Experimental investigation of the influence of manhole grates on drainage flows in urban flooding conditions

Critical Infrastructures (CIs) are commonly designed, built and maintained based on rigorous standards in order to withstand the climate and weather-related pressures. However, shifts in climate characteristics may result in increases of the magnitude and frequency of potential risks, or expose specific CI to new or increased risks not previously considered. As vital components of the normal functioning of modern societies, their resilience encompasses the operational elements, their structural integrity and the capacity to maximize business output under climate stressors. In this work, we propose an integrated and participatory methodological approach to assess the risk and enhance the resilience of interconnected CIs to urban flooding under climate change. The proposed methodology has been applied to the Torbay case study in the EU-CIRCLE project that is also presented in the paper.

/pdf/analysing-the-cascading-effects-on-critical-infrastructure-43mmg9115o.pdf

Analysing the Cascading Effects on Critical Infrastructure in Torbay Coastal/Pluvial Flooding with Climate Change

There are different perspectives of what constitutes disaster risk. Among the “hazards”‐tradition research, more focus is given to modelling hazards, and less effort is made to understand the vulnerabilities. Considering vulnerabilities as the inherent characteristics of the place that create the potential to harm, this paper highlights the importance of understanding the vulnerabilities of the place before defining actions for flood risk mitigation (FRM). In this sense, a participatory approach, the Project PLANEJEEE, was developed to understand the social and institutional vulnerabilities of FRM in Campina Grande, Brazil. Data was collected with the collaboration with 199 stakeholders through surveys, workshop and focus groups. The results reflect the analysis of risk perception and coping capacity of communities at risk (n = 172), and the institutional context with the involvement with policymakers and local specialists (n = 27). Although results confirm that individuals faced severe flood risk cases previously, they still need resources for increasing their coping capacity and their own risk protection. Institutional vulnerabilities are shown with the contrast between challenges and actions for FRM. Findings show that multiple challenges in social and institutional contexts should be systematically addressed to propose actions to reduce flood risk vulnerability, and increase resilience.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jfr3.12839

Addressing social and institutional vulnerabilities in the context of flood risk mitigation

Flume experiments on the impact of a cross-flow turbine on an erodible bed

In this study, we reviewed the literature on flood damage assessment and collected information for related research in Taiwan to analyze the relationships between direct flood damage, flood frequency, flood depth, and land-use. The procedure for flood damage assessment was then developed that includes the following steps: (a) Scenario simulation of inundation potential. (b) Establishment of the relationship between inundation depth and damage loss for varied land-use. (c) Risk analysis of inundation damage. Taipei City in north Taiwan was adopted as the case study to demonstrate the proposed algorithm. Flood events with return periods of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 years were used for flood hazard analysis to cover possible flooding scenarios. The inundation hazard maps were first generated via hydraulic modelling. The regional flood damage was then estimated using a relationship between inundation depth and damage. The flood damage exceedance probability (EP) curve for Taipei City was constructed following the association of the loss with its probability of occurrence. The flood damage EP curve was further used to integrate the damage assessments for individual flood events for a full probability range presentation of the flood risk. The expected annual damage was calculated by integrating the area under the EP curve.

https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/4407/2012_9UDM_Flood%20Damage%20Assessment%20in%20Taipei%20City,%20Taiwan_Open%20Access.pdf;sequence=7

Slobodan Djordjević

Papers

Experimental investigation of the influence of manhole grates on drainage flows in urban flooding conditions

Analysing the Cascading Effects on Critical Infrastructure in Torbay Coastal/Pluvial Flooding with Climate Change

Addressing social and institutional vulnerabilities in the context of flood risk mitigation

Flume experiments on the impact of a cross-flow turbine on an erodible bed

Flood Damage Assessment in Taipei City Taiwan