Background and Purpose—The authors present an overview of the current evidence and management recommendations for evaluation and treatment of adults with acute ischemic stroke. The intended audienc...

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Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

The 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) may be reproduced freely for scientific, educational or clinical uses by institutions, societies or individuals. Otherwise, copyright belongs exclusively to the International Headache Society. Reproduction of any part or parts in any manner for commercial uses requires the Society’s permission, which will be granted on payment of a fee. Please contact the publisher at the address below. International Headache Society 2013–2018. Applications for copyright permissions should be submitted to Sage Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom (tel: þ44 (0) 207 324 8500; fax: þ44 (0) 207 324 8600; permissions@sagepub.co.uk) (www.uk.sagepub.com). Translations

Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition

https://bic.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Rossi_09_TMS%20safety%20review.pdf

Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research

OBJECTIVE — To systematically review the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes (PTD), risk factors for its development, prognostic implications, and optimal management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and others) from inception to September 2000, reviewed bibliographies in reports retrieved, contacted transplantation experts, and reviewed specialty journals. Two reviewers independently determined report inclusion (original studies, in all languages, of PTD in adults with no history of diabetes before transplantation), assessed study methods, and extracted data using a standardized form. Meta-regression was used to explain between-study differences in incidence. RESULTS — Nineteen studies with 3,611 patients were included. The 12-month cumulative incidence of PTD is lower (10% in most studies) than it was 3 decades ago. The type of immunosuppression explained 74% of the variability in incidence (P 0.0004). Risk factors were patient age, nonwhite ethnicity, glucocorticoid treatment for rejection, and immunosuppression with high-dose cyclosporine and tacrolimus. PTD was associated with decreased graft and patient survival in earlier studies; later studies showed improved outcomes. Randomized trials of treatment regimens have not been conducted. CONCLUSIONS — Physicians should consider modification of immunosuppressive regimens to decrease the risk of PTD in high-risk transplant recipients. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the use of oral glucose-lowering agents in transplant recipients, paying particular attention to interactions with immunosuppressive drugs. Diabetes Care 25:583–592, 2002

A systematic review of the literature

Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex

Background The use of atypical antipsychotics in major depression complicated by psychotic features has not been extensively investigated. Event-related potentials (ERP) have been reported to be impaired in depressed patients, probably due to serotonergic hypofunction. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a combination therapy with ziprasidone and sertraline on ERP in major depression with psychotic features. Methods 19 patients with major depression with psychotic features were treated with ziprasidone and sertraline. Before and after four weeks of treatment, visually-evoked ERP (P3 — oddball paradigm) were investigated. Results While a significant clinical improvement assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was noted, no significant changes in weight, basal prolactin values and scores on the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale were observed. A significant prolongation ( p  = 0.041) of the QTc-interval between baseline and endpoint showed no clinical symptoms. Combination treatment with ziprasidone and sertraline over 4 weeks was associated with a significant decrease ( p  = 0.033) of P3 latencies from baseline to week 4. After a four week treatment, significantly ( p  = 0.008) fewer patients showed pathologically P3 latencies (> 450 ms) than at baseline. Discussion Our data, showing that ziprasidone in combination with sertraline lead to a decrease of prolonged P3 latencies, are in line with previous studies showing a decrease of prolonged P3 latencies by antidepressant treatment.

The impact of ziprasidone in combination with sertraline on visually-evoked event-related potentials in depressed patients with psychotic features

The nervus intermedius is a small part of the facial nerve comprising general visceral efferents (eg, to lacrimal and salivatory glands), special visceral afferents (eg, from taste buds from the anterior twothirds of the tongue), and proprioceptive afferents from the facial muscles. Additionally, it contains exteroceptive afferents from the external ear and the external auditory canal. Its perikarya are located in the geniculate ganglion, and the exteroceptive pain fibers terminate at the tractus descendens spinalis V and the solitary tract. 1,2

Geniculate neuralgia as a manifestation of neuroborreliosis.

The case of a 65-year-old male migraine patient with spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection is presented. He had been abusing ergotamine compounds for several years on at least 15 days per month. A possible association between arterial dissection and ergotamine abuse is discussed.

Carotid artery dissection in ergotamine abuse

A questionnaire survey was conducted across eight countries, including Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Poland, Russia and Spain. Frequency of pain experience was assessed in 8506 individuals (52% women), as were use of, and attitudes towards, analgesics. Preliminary analyses confirmed the high frequency of pain with 70% of respondents reporting at least one experience per month. Headache and backache were reported most frequently and the majority, 77%, reported analgesic use in response to pain. Further analyses examined differences across sex, work status, country of residence and age. In comparison with men, women reported more frequent pain experiences, more analgesic use and worries about use, and tended to base use on what they know about medications. Those who were unemployed also reported more frequent use and worries about analgesics in comparison with the employed. In general, people living in Russia and Poland reported less frequent pain and analgesic use in comparison with the rest of Europe. They also reported more worries about analgesics and that their analgesic use had little to do with analgesic knowledge. Regarding age, younger individuals reported fewer pain episodes, more frequent analgesic use, and less worry about analgesics in comparison with older individuals. Additionally, younger individuals were more likely to base analgesic use on what they knew about the medicine. These results replicate extant findings with regard to the frequency of pain. They also provide new information on differences in pain experience, analgesic use and attitudes towards analgesics across Europe and Russia.

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Stefan Evers

Papers

The impact of ziprasidone in combination with sertraline on visually-evoked event-related potentials in depressed patients with psychotic features

Geniculate neuralgia as a manifestation of neuroborreliosis.

Carotid artery dissection in ergotamine abuse

Everyday pain, analgesic beliefs and analgesic behaviours in Europe and Russia: an epidemiological survey and analysis

Conducting without memory - a case report on transient global amnesia.