Background and Purpose—The authors present an overview of the current evidence and management recommendations for evaluation and treatment of adults with acute ischemic stroke. The intended audienc...

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-early-management-of-patients-with-acute-19udbft6e7.pdf

Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

The 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) may be reproduced freely for scientific, educational or clinical uses by institutions, societies or individuals. Otherwise, copyright belongs exclusively to the International Headache Society. Reproduction of any part or parts in any manner for commercial uses requires the Society’s permission, which will be granted on payment of a fee. Please contact the publisher at the address below. International Headache Society 2013–2018. Applications for copyright permissions should be submitted to Sage Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom (tel: þ44 (0) 207 324 8500; fax: þ44 (0) 207 324 8600; permissions@sagepub.co.uk) (www.uk.sagepub.com). Translations

Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition

https://bic.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Rossi_09_TMS%20safety%20review.pdf

Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research

OBJECTIVE — To systematically review the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes (PTD), risk factors for its development, prognostic implications, and optimal management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and others) from inception to September 2000, reviewed bibliographies in reports retrieved, contacted transplantation experts, and reviewed specialty journals. Two reviewers independently determined report inclusion (original studies, in all languages, of PTD in adults with no history of diabetes before transplantation), assessed study methods, and extracted data using a standardized form. Meta-regression was used to explain between-study differences in incidence. RESULTS — Nineteen studies with 3,611 patients were included. The 12-month cumulative incidence of PTD is lower (10% in most studies) than it was 3 decades ago. The type of immunosuppression explained 74% of the variability in incidence (P 0.0004). Risk factors were patient age, nonwhite ethnicity, glucocorticoid treatment for rejection, and immunosuppression with high-dose cyclosporine and tacrolimus. PTD was associated with decreased graft and patient survival in earlier studies; later studies showed improved outcomes. Randomized trials of treatment regimens have not been conducted. CONCLUSIONS — Physicians should consider modification of immunosuppressive regimens to decrease the risk of PTD in high-risk transplant recipients. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the use of oral glucose-lowering agents in transplant recipients, paying particular attention to interactions with immunosuppressive drugs. Diabetes Care 25:583–592, 2002

A systematic review of the literature

Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex

Analysen des Verlaufs von Neuro-Aids auf der neurologischen Intensivstation sind selten Ziel war es, Pradiktoren fur „Versterben“ zu analysien Es wurden 56 Patienten, die im Mittel 39±0,7 Jahre alt waren, im Mittel 130±166 CD4+-Zellen/µl und eine Viruslast im Plasma von 146,520±198,059 Kopien/ml aufwiesen, wegen Neuro-Aids auf der neurolgischen Intensivstation behandelt Es waren 34% der Patienten Immigranten, von denen 74% aus Regionen der Sahara stammen Bei 57% wurde die Diagnose einer „Human-immunodeficiency-virus“- (HIV-)Infektion erst auf der Intensivstation gestellt Der Median fur den Zeitraum zwischen der Diagnose der HIV-Infektion und der Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation betrug fur Immigranten 8 Tage, fur die einheimischen HIV-Infizierten 10 Jahre Die haufigsten Neuromanifestationen der HIV-Infektion stellten die zerebrale Toxoplasmose, Kryptokokkose und die progressive multifokale Leukoenzephalopathie (PML) dar Wahrend des Aufenthalts verstarben 28 der Patienten (50%) Als negative Pradiktoren fur „Versterben auf der Intensivstation an Neuro-Aids“ stellten sich die Faktoren a) Beatmungspflichtigkeit, b) antiretroviral naiver Immigrant, c) primar zerebrales Lymphom und d) fehlende hochaktive antiretrovirale Therapie (HAART) bei der Aufnahme auf die Intensivstation heraus Die Versterbensrate bei Neuro-Aids ist deutlich hoher als bei internistischen Erkrankungen, die zur Behandlung auf einer Intensivstation fuhren Antiretroviral naive Immigranten weisen eine besonders hohe Versterbensrate im Vergleich zur einheimischen Bevolkerung auf Es sind noch erhebliche Anstrengungen notwendig, um weltweit HAART zur Verfugung zu stellen, sodass auch die Prognose von Neuro-Aids bei Behandlung auf der neurologischen Intensivstation verbessert wird

Behandlung von Neuro-Aids auf der neurologischen Intensivstation

Functional Doppler sonography in a patient with global aphasia but sustained song recognition

Highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] has increased the mean survival time in the AIDS stage by up to more than 10 years. Five different groups of antiretroviral medications are known, of which integrase and entry inhibitors represent the latest and most modern substances. The long survival time in the AIDS stage means that side effects and interactions become of greater relevance and have to be differentiated from the symptoms of Neuro-AIDS as such. Side effects of HAART tend to affect the central and peripheral nervous system as well as the muscles. Neurotoxicity of HAART components varies considerably and depends on the substance involved. They are to be considered with the choice of HAART as a treatment, and a corresponding combination of medication must be carefully discussed by the doctor and patient in those cases in which side effects on the nervous system by antiretroviral agents are already present. There are special cases, however, in which the associated side-effects are to be accepted and endured if no other combination of medications is possible-e.g. as a result of resistance development. Knowledge of HAART side effects and interactions with antiepileptics, antidepressants and analgetics are essential for the treatment of patients with Neuro-AIDS.

Neurotoxicity and Side-Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [HAART] on the Central and Peripheral Nerve System

Abstract Background Visual snow syndrome is a phenomenon for which no effective treatment is known. It is highly comorbid with migraine, therefore we performed a retrospective chart review of patients with visual snow syndrome treated with a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene related peptide or its receptor. Findings We enrolled 15 patients with visual snow syndrome who received at least once a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene related peptide or its receptor. None of the patients reported relief of visual snow syndrome whereas those patients with comorbid migraine reported a very good efficacy of the antibody against the migraine headache but not against the migraine aura. Conclusion The data suggest that visual snow syndrome is not mediated by calcitonin gene related peptide in a relevant way and that the calcitonin gene related peptide receptor is not involved in the network underlying the visual snow syndrome.

Visual snow syndrome is probably not mediated by CGRP: A case series

Measurements of event-related potentials (ERP) , especially of contingent negative variation (CNV), in the migraine interval in adults and children show an increased amplitude. This has been interpreted as an expression of a specific cognitive processing in migraine and (in adults) as a loss of habituation. We measured visually evoked ERP in children and adolescents with primary headache and compared our results to a healthy control group.

Stefan Evers

Papers

Behandlung von Neuro-Aids auf der neurologischen Intensivstation

Functional Doppler sonography in a patient with global aphasia but sustained song recognition

Neurotoxicity and Side-Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [HAART] on the Central and Peripheral Nerve System

Visual snow syndrome is probably not mediated by CGRP: A case series

Visual Event-Related Potentials in Childhood and Adolescence Primary Headache