Background and Purpose—The authors present an overview of the current evidence and management recommendations for evaluation and treatment of adults with acute ischemic stroke. The intended audienc...

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Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

The 3rd edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) may be reproduced freely for scientific, educational or clinical uses by institutions, societies or individuals. Otherwise, copyright belongs exclusively to the International Headache Society. Reproduction of any part or parts in any manner for commercial uses requires the Society’s permission, which will be granted on payment of a fee. Please contact the publisher at the address below. International Headache Society 2013–2018. Applications for copyright permissions should be submitted to Sage Publications Ltd, 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP, United Kingdom (tel: þ44 (0) 207 324 8500; fax: þ44 (0) 207 324 8600; permissions@sagepub.co.uk) (www.uk.sagepub.com). Translations

Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition

https://bic.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Rossi_09_TMS%20safety%20review.pdf

Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research

OBJECTIVE — To systematically review the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes (PTD), risk factors for its development, prognostic implications, and optimal management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and others) from inception to September 2000, reviewed bibliographies in reports retrieved, contacted transplantation experts, and reviewed specialty journals. Two reviewers independently determined report inclusion (original studies, in all languages, of PTD in adults with no history of diabetes before transplantation), assessed study methods, and extracted data using a standardized form. Meta-regression was used to explain between-study differences in incidence. RESULTS — Nineteen studies with 3,611 patients were included. The 12-month cumulative incidence of PTD is lower (10% in most studies) than it was 3 decades ago. The type of immunosuppression explained 74% of the variability in incidence (P 0.0004). Risk factors were patient age, nonwhite ethnicity, glucocorticoid treatment for rejection, and immunosuppression with high-dose cyclosporine and tacrolimus. PTD was associated with decreased graft and patient survival in earlier studies; later studies showed improved outcomes. Randomized trials of treatment regimens have not been conducted. CONCLUSIONS — Physicians should consider modification of immunosuppressive regimens to decrease the risk of PTD in high-risk transplant recipients. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate the use of oral glucose-lowering agents in transplant recipients, paying particular attention to interactions with immunosuppressive drugs. Diabetes Care 25:583–592, 2002

A systematic review of the literature

Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, ein aus 3 Fragen bestehendes Screeningtool zu entwickeln, das Arzten, die nicht auf die Diagnose und Therapie von Kopfschmerzerkrankungen spezialisiert sind, wie z. B. dem niedergelassenen Allgemeinmediziner, als Entscheidungshilfe dienen kann, ob bei seinem Migranepatienten eine medikamentose Migraneprophylaxe Erfolg versprechend ist oder nicht. Dafur wurde von 132 Migranepatienten, die bei Kopfschmerzspezialisten vorstellig waren, ein aus 10 Items bestehender Fragebogen zu ihrer Migrane ausgefullt. Unabhangig davon fullten die Arzte einen Fragebogen aus, in dem sie angaben, ob der Patient ihrer Einschatzung nach fur eine Migraneprophylaxe in Frage kommt und wenn ja, welche Grunde sie dazu bewogen haben. Mittels logistischer Regression wurden anschliesend die 3 Fragen identifiziert, die in dem vorliegenden Datensatz den grosten Einfluss auf die Prophylaxeentscheidung hatten und die derzeit an 150 Migranepatienten in Praxen niedergelassener Allgemeinmediziner validiert werden:

Entwicklung eines Migräneprophylaxe-Screeninginstruments (MPS)

Vestibuläre Migräne: diagnostische Kriterien: Konsensusdokument der Bárány Society und der International Headache Society

Este trabajo presenta los criterios diagnosticos de migrana vestibular formulados conjuntamente por el Comite de Clasificacion de Trastornos Vestibulares de la Barany Society y el Subcomite de Clasificacion de la Migrana de la International Headache Society. La clasificacion incluye migrana vestibular y migrana vestibular probable. La migrana vestibular aparecera en un apendice de la tercera edicion de la Clasificacion Internacional de las Cefaleas como un primer paso para nuevas entidades, segun los procedimientos habituales de la IHS. La migrana vestibular probable puede ser incluida en una version posterior de la Clasificacion Internacional de las Cefaleas, cuando se acumule mas evidencia. El diagnostico de migrana vestibular esta basado en sintomas vestibulares recurrentes, una historia de migrana, una asociacion temporal entre sintomas vestibulares y sintomas migranosos, y la exclusion de otras causas de sintomas vestibulares. Los sintomas requeridos para el diagnostico de migrana vestibular incluyen varios tipos de vertigo. asi como mareo inducido por movimientos de cabeza con nauseas. Los sintomas deben ser de intensidad moderada o severa. La duracion de los episodios se limita a un periodo entre 5 min y 72 h.

Migraña vestibular: Criterios diagnósticos. Documento de consenso de la Bárány Society y la International Headache Society

Cerebellar atrophy after long-term treatment with low-dose lithium.

The most frequent neurological diagnosis in peripheral nerve function of HIV-positive individuals is distal-symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN). In this study we investigated the histopathology as well as the immunohistochemical expression of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM in post-mortem sural nerve tissue gained from 11 patients who had suffered from DSPN in the clinical course of AIDS (CDC 3C). We found that all 11 sural nerves showed signs of demyelination while in 6 out of 11 cases axonal degeneration could also be detected. Immunohistochemical expression of at least one immunoglobulin was found in all but two cases with deposits uniformly being located immediately beneath the basement membrane of capillary blood vessels and within the perineurium while endoneurial staining was discernable in three cases. The most commonly expressed immunoglobulin was IgA which was identified in 7 cases, followed by IgG and IgM which were positive in 6 and 5 cases, respectively. All three immunoglobulins were found to be expressed simultaneously in only two cases. Thus, our study shows that immunoglobulin deposits among other factors may be implicated in altering the function of sural nerves or enhance their vulnerability. In peripheral nerves they may be responsible for some of the common alterations in the development of AIDS-associated distal symmetric polyneuropathy.

Stefan Evers

Papers

Entwicklung eines Migräneprophylaxe-Screeninginstruments (MPS)

Vestibuläre Migräne: diagnostische Kriterien: Konsensusdokument der Bárány Society und der International Headache Society

Migraña vestibular: Criterios diagnósticos. Documento de consenso de la Bárány Society y la International Headache Society

Cerebellar atrophy after long-term treatment with low-dose lithium.

Immunoglobulin deposition in sural nerves of AIDS patients with distal-symmetric HIV-associated polyneuropathy.