Showing papers in "American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 2008"

TL;DR: This evidence-based, updated guideline provides specific recommendations regarding brief and intensive tobacco-cessation interventions as well as system-level changes designed to promote the assessment and treatment of tobacco use.

TL;DR: Research is needed on the optimal use of game-based stories, fantasy, interactivity, and behavior change technology in promoting health-related behavior change.

TL;DR: Major epidemiologic risk factors associated with mortality from extreme heat exposure are reviewed and future drivers of heat-related mortality are discussed, including a warming climate, the urban heat island effect, and an aging population are discussed.

TL;DR: The articles in this supplement address the challenge to characterize the science of team science more clearly in terms of its major theoretical, methodologic, and translational concerns, especially in the context of designing, implementing, and evaluating cross-disciplinary research initiatives.

TL;DR: The YMCA may be a promising channel for wide-scale dissemination of a low-cost approach to lifestyle diabetes prevention and adjustment for differences in race and gender did not alter these findings.

TL;DR: The influences on the physical activity behaviors of preschool children are multidimensional and further research is required to enhance an understanding of these influences.

TL;DR: Individual-level mitigation can be a policy option under favorable contextual conditions, but must be accompanied by mitigation efforts from industry, commerce, and government.

TL;DR: Overall, about 15% of men and 20% of women from the 51 countries analyzed here are at risk for chronic diseases due to physical inactivity, and there were substantial variations across countries and settings.

TL;DR: The presence of parks in poor and minority areas suggest that improving the types and quality of resources in parks could be an important strategy to increase physical activity and reduce racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities.

TL;DR: In this paper, the findings from four distinct areas of research on team performance and collaboration are reviewed: social psychological and management research on the effectiveness of teams in organizational and institutional settings; studies of cyber-infrastructures designed to support transdisciplinary collaboration across remote research sites; investigations of community-based coalitions for health promotion; and studies focusing directly on the antecedents, processes, and outcomes of scientific collaboration within transdisciplinary research centers and training programs.

TL;DR: A review of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research evaluation categorizes lessons from the emergent international literature on the topic reviewed in 2007 and defines parallels between research performance and evaluation, presents seven generic principles for evaluation, and reflects in the conclusion on changing connotations of the underlying concepts of discipline, peer, and measurement as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: How mobile phones are changing the way health professionals communicate with their patients is addressed, and a summary is provided of current and projected technologic capabilities of mobile phones that have the potential to render them an increasingly indispensable personal health device.

TL;DR: Predicting the relative impact of sustained climate change on vectorborne diseases is difficult and will require long-term studies that look not only at the effects of climate change but also at the contributions of other agents of global change such as increased trade and travel, demographic shifts, civil unrest, changes in land use, water availability, and other issues.

TL;DR: Predominantly black and lower-income neighborhoods have a lower availability of healthy foods than white and higher-income Neighborhood healthy food availability due to the differential placement of types of stores as well as differential offerings of healthy food within similar stores.

TL;DR: Greenness may present a target for environmental approaches to preventing child obesity and children and youth living in greener neighborhoods had lower BMI z-scores at Time 2, presumably due to increased physical activity or time spent outdoors.

TL;DR: State-level data can assist state health officials and policy planners to better understand how many people have experienced IPV in their state, and provide a foundation on which to build prevention efforts directed toward this pervasive public health problem.

TL;DR: Identifying aspects of the childcare environment that relate to the physical activity behavior of children should be considered when identifying determinants of physical activity and designing interventions is extended.

TL;DR: Smokers who sought treatment were less likely to report abstinence, probably due to biased self-selection and recall, and those who sought multiple treatments were even lesslikely to be abstinent.

TL;DR: Decades after they occur, adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of COPD because this increased risk is only partially mediated by cigarette smoking, other mechanisms by which ACEs may contribute to the occurrence of COPd merit consideration.

TL;DR: The findings underscore the need to design future behavioral interventions that use strong experimental designs with efficacious constructs and to conduct formal mediation analyses to determine the strength of these potential predictors of fruit and vegetable intake.

TL;DR: The focus is on the ways in which health-relevant measures of air quality, including ozone, particulate matter, and aeroallergens, may be affected by climate variability and change.

TL;DR: Working across sectors to incorporate a health promotion approach in the design and development of built environment components may mitigate climate change, promote adaptation, and improve public health.

TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to propose systems thinking as a conceptual rubric for the practice of team science in public health, and transdisciplinary, translational research as a catalyst for promoting the functional efficiency of science.

TL;DR: A stepwise course of action is proposed for community-based adaptation that engages stakeholders in a proactive problem solving process to enhance social capital across local and national levels.

TL;DR: The WLM behavioral intervention successfully achieved clinically significant short-term weight loss in a diverse population of high-risk patients, although the association between behavioral measures and weight loss differed by race and gender groups.

TL;DR: A school-based, community-linked intervention modestly improved physical activity in girls and found girls in intervention schools were more physically active than girls in control schools.

TL;DR: All of the evaluated physical activity interventions appeared to reduce disease incidence, to be cost-effective, and--compared with other well-accepted preventive strategies--to offer good value for money.

TL;DR: The role of public health in reducing human vulnerability to climate change within the context of select examples for emergency preparedness and response is discussed in this paper, where public health agencies are uniquely placed to build human resilience to climate-related disasters.

TL;DR: Screening and brief counseling was cost-saving from the societal perspective and had a cost-effectiveness ratio of $1755/QALY saved from the health-system perspective, making it one of the highest-ranking preventive services among the 25 effective services evaluated using standardized methods.

TL;DR: Evidence from systematic reviews of effectiveness, applicability, economic efficiency, barriers to implementation, and other harms or benefits of interventions designed to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by increasing community demand for these services indicates that screening has been effectively increased by use of client reminders, small media, and one-on-one education.