抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

http://ggdpathway.wustl.edu/files/2014/08/ACMG-Guidelines-2015_Richards-et-al.pdf

Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology.

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

BACKGROUND Most patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have no response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, about 10 percent of patients have a rapid and often dramatic clinical response. The molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity to gefitinib are unknown. METHODS We searched for mutations in the EGFR gene in primary tumors from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who had a response to gefitinib, those who did not have a response, and those who had not been exposed to gefitinib. The functional consequences of identified mutations were evaluated after the mutant proteins were expressed in cultured cells. RESULTS Somatic mutations were identified in the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR gene in eight of nine patients with gefitinib-responsive lung cancer, as compared with none of the seven patients with no response (P<0.001). Mutations were either small, in-frame deletions or amino acid substitutions clustered around the ATP-binding pocket of the tyrosine kinase domain. Similar mutations were detected in tumors from 2 of 25 patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer who had not been exposed to gefitinib (8 percent). All mutations were heterozygous, and identical mutations were observed in multiple patients, suggesting an additive specific gain of function. In vitro, EGFR mutants demonstrated enhanced tyrosine kinase activity in response to epidermal growth factor and increased sensitivity to inhibition by gefitinib. CONCLUSIONS A subgroup of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have specific mutations in the EGFR gene, which correlate with clinical responsiveness to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. These mutations lead to increased growth factor signaling and confer susceptibility to the inhibitor. Screening for such mutations in lung cancers may identify patients who will have a response to gefitinib.

/pdf/activating-mutations-in-the-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-4a7r2t8eq0.pdf

Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib

Receptor tyrosine kinase genes were sequenced in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and matched normal tissue. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR were found in 15 of 58 unselected tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States. Treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan. EGFR mutations were found in additional lung cancer samples from U.S. patients who responded to gefitinib therapy and in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was hypersensitive to growth inhibition by gefitinib, but not in gefitinibinsensitive tumors or cell lines. These results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib. Protein kinase activation by somatic mutation or

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2004/04/29/science.1099314.full.pdf

EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy.

This chapter presents a combined use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and a product cross-selling system to perform cross-selling and up-selling for the retail industry. A smart dressing system (SDS) enabled by RFID technologies and an intelligent product cross-selling system (IPCS) have been developed. Customers’ in-store data can be collected using RFID-enabled SDS and used for promoting or cross-selling new products. The IPCS, integrating a rule-based expert system and a fuzzy screening technique, can process linguistic and categorical information to simulate fashion designers and recommend appropriate fashion product items for cross-selling. The proposed systems execute the selling strategies more effectively, which improves sales performance in the fashion retail industry.

Intelligent product cross-selling system in fashion retailing using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, fuzzy logic and rule-based expert system

Angiopoietin-2 and VEGF co-express in the accelerated phase of angiogenesis during anaplastic progression of gliomas

The control of thickness uniformity and compositional homogeneity is extremely important in the growth of high quality heterostructure lasers. This is especially important in the growth of the thin active layer of these devices. Slider induced convection within the growth solution in the horizontal LPE system can affect both of these factors and has been largely neglected in the modeling of layer growth. A Plexiglas boat with water and dyes was used to simulate the fluid motions in the melts of the horizontal LPE system. The simulation shows that there are substantial fluid motions induced by the movement of the slider. The duration of the convective cell thus generated can be comparable to the growth time of thin layers. Therefore, a substantial portion of the growth time for thin layers is under nonsteady state conditions where the solution is not static. Furthermore, convection dominates in the initial period of epitaxial growth. The dependence of the convective cell on melt geometry is discussed. A video tape was made showing the solution dynamics of several boat designs used in the growth of (GaA1)As heterostructure lasers.

Slider Induced Convection In Horizontal Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) System


 Background: Short-term antibiotics exposure is associated with alterations in microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the human gut. While antibiotics are critical in the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori, the short-term and long-term impacts on the composition and quantity of antibiotics resistance genes after H. pylori eradication is unclear. This study used whole genome shotgun metagenomic of stool samples to characterize the gut microbiota and ARGs, before and after H. pylori eradication therapy. Results: Forty-four H. pylori-infected patients were recruited including 21 treatment naïve patients who received clarithromycin-based triple therapy (CLA group) and 23 patients who failed previous therapies, in which 10 received levofloxacin-based quadruple therapy [LEVO group] and 13 received other combinations [OTHER group] in the current study. Stool samples were collected at baseline (before current treatment), 6-week and 6-month after eradication therapy. At baseline, there was only a slight difference among the three groups on ARGs and gut microbiota. After eradication therapy, there was a transient but significant increase in gut ARGs 6-week post-therapy, among which the LEVO group had the most significant ARGs alteration compared to other two groups. For treatment naïve patients, those with higher ARG richness and ErmF abundance were prone to fail CLA eradication. For gut microbiota, the bacteria richness decreased at 6-week and there was a significant difference in microbiota community among the three groups at 6-week. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the dynamic alterations in gut microbiota and ARGs induced by different eradication therapies, which could influence the choices of antibiotics in eradication therapy.

/pdf/dynamic-changes-in-antibiotic-resistance-genes-and-gut-ttfne5w08l.pdf

Dynamic changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Gut Microbiota after H. Pylori Eradication Therapies

This research aims to identify the issues relating to the implementation of lean production (LP) in the apparel industry where manufacturers usually find full implementation to be a challenge. Computer simulation has been used to build models to understand the behavior of the LP system of a selected swimwear company. Experimental investigations demonstrated the responsiveness and limitations of the LP system in meeting short-run contracts demanded by the market. Conclusion is drawn on the directions for full implementation for a seamless supply chain.

An Evaluation of the Adoption of Lean Production as a Supply Chain Management Strategy in the Apparel Industry: A Case Study of a Swimwear Manufacturing Company Using Computer Simulation Techniques

Suet Yi Leung

Papers

Intelligent product cross-selling system in fashion retailing using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, fuzzy logic and rule-based expert system

Angiopoietin-2 and VEGF co-express in the accelerated phase of angiogenesis during anaplastic progression of gliomas

Slider Induced Convection In Horizontal Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) System

Dynamic changes in Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Gut Microbiota after H. Pylori Eradication Therapies

An Evaluation of the Adoption of Lean Production as a Supply Chain Management Strategy in the Apparel Industry: A Case Study of a Swimwear Manufacturing Company Using Computer Simulation Techniques