Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine.

Preparative isolation and purification of seven main antioxidants from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Du-zhong) leaves using HSCCC guided by DPPH-HPLC experiment

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, a single species of Eucommia genus belonging to the Eucommiaceae family, is an endemic in China and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for nearly two thousand years. Records from different historical periods highlight E. ulmoides and its officinal botanical parts, usefulness in adaptation to disease and its central role in Chinese medicine theory. There are also historical collection documents for minorities in China. Tearing the leaves, bark and fruit produces strands of latex; a description of E. ulmoides's morphological features is recorded in this paper. This review summarizes 204 natural compounds isolated from this plant, which are divided into seven categories: lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenes and others. These components possess wide-ranging pharmacological efficacies, such as antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemia, anti-oxidative, anti-osteoporosis, antitumor, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. This review aims to provide a reference for extensive researches of E. ulmoides crude drugs, especially for quality control, biosynthesis and structure modification of active ingredients and pharmacological mechanism.

Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Eucommia ulmoides: A Review.

Eucommia ulmoides leaves have been used as a functional food and drink in China. The purpose of this study was to identify the bioactive constituents with soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory properties. Twenty-seven known compounds (1–27) were isolated from the leaves of E. ulmoides Oliver, and their structures were identified by NMR and ESIMS analysis; three of these, 2,5-dimethoxy-3-glucopyranosyl cinnamic alcohol (11), foliasalacioside E2 (26), and icariside F2 (27), were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1–7 exhibited soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity at 100 μM; among them, quercetin (1) and kaempferol (5) displayed potential activities with IC50 values of 22.5 ± 0.9 and 31.3 ± 2.6 μM, respectively, with noncompetitive inhibition mode. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by the NF-κB liciferase assay in HepG2 cells. Compounds 1, 9, 20, and 27 displayed potent NF-κB inhibi...

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitory and Anti-inflammatory Components from the Leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Duzhong)

Eucommia ulmoides (EU) (also known as “Du Zhong” in Chinese language) is a plant containing various kinds of chemical constituents such as lignans, iridoids, phenolics, steroids, flavonoids, and other compounds. These constituents of EU possess various medicinal properties and have been used in Chinese Traditional Medicine (TCM) as a folk drink and functional food for several thousand years. EU has several pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiaging, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Hence, it has been widely used solely or in combination with other compounds to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, sexual dysfunction, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurological diseases. This review paper summarizes the various active ingredients contained in EU and their health-promoting properties, thus serving as a reference material for the application of EU.

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T. Fujikawa

Papers

Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.