Timothy R. Oke

TL;DR: In this article, a model to calculate evapotranspiration from urban areas over a wide range of meteorological conditions is presented, which is applicable to areas ranging from the size of city blocks to land use zones and time periods of one hour and longer.

TL;DR: The Town Energy Balance (TEB) model of Masson as mentioned in this paper simulates turbulent fluxes for urban areas and incorporates detailed representations of the urban surface (canyon geometry) to simulate energy balances for walls, roads, and roofs.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Eddy covariance (EC) observations above the densely built-up center of Marseille during the Experience sur site pour contraindre les modeles de pollution atmospherique et de transport d'emissions (ESCOMPTE) summertime measurement campaign extend current understanding of surface atmosphere exchanges in cities.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a thermal scanner mounted in a helicopter over three land-use areas in Vancouver, B.C. The results reveal strong directional variations in the observed apparent surface temperature due to the differential patterns of irradiated and shaded surfaces within the sensor field of view created by the three-dimensional urban surface structure and the position of the Sun.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of urban and rural surfaces in the growth and decay of the urban heat island was investigated and the results suggest that nocturnal energy exchange in the city is complex.