Timothy Smallie

TL;DR: Global gene expression analysis demonstrated that exogenous IRF5 upregulated or downregulated expression of established phenotypic markers of M1 or M2 macrophages, respectively, suggesting a critical role for IRf5 in M1 macrophage polarization and defining a previously unknown function forIRF5 as a transcriptional repressor.

TL;DR: The authors showed that IRF5 expression in macrophages was reversibly induced by inflammatory stimuli and contributed to the plasticity of macrophage polarization, leading to a potent T helper type 1 (TH1)-TH17 response.

TL;DR: Novel findings in signalling mechanisms behind the suppression of cytokine expression by interleukin‐10 are highlighted and their implications in the context of current understanding of IL‐10 signalling are discussed.

TL;DR: IL-10 induces IL-10 in monocyte-derived macrophages in an autocrine manner via activation of the transcription factor Stat3, and it is shown that overexpression of a dominant-negative Stat3 protein will prevent IL-11 induction, but not LPS induction, of IL- 10 mRNA.

TL;DR: A deletion affecting Rv1519 in CH, a strain isolated from a large outbreak in Leicester U.K., that coincidentally defines the East African-Indian lineage matching a major ethnic group in this city, contributes to the persistence and outbreak potential of this lineage.