An important part of our information-gathering behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people now can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. The sudden eruption of activity in the area of opinion mining and sentiment analysis, which deals with the computational treatment of opinion, sentiment, and subjectivity in text, has thus occurred at least in part as a direct response to the surge of interest in new systems that deal directly with opinions as a first-class object.

This survey covers techniques and approaches that promise to directly enable opinion-oriented information-seeking systems. Our focus is on methods that seek to address the new challenges raised by sentiment-aware applications, as compared to those that are already present in more traditional fact-based analysis. We include material on summarization of evaluative text and on broader issues regarding privacy, manipulation, and economic impact that the development of opinion-oriented information-access services gives rise to. To facilitate future work, a discussion of available resources, benchmark datasets, and evaluation campaigns is also provided.

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Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis

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Science in action : How to follow scientists and engineers through society

This paper outlines a new approach to the study of power, that of the sociology of translation. Starting from three principles, those of agnosticism (impartiality between actors engaged in controversy), generalised symmetry (the commitment to explain conflicting viewpoints in the same terms) and free association (the abandonment of all a priori distinctions between the natural and the social), the paper describes a scientific and economic controversy about the causes for the decline in the population of scallops in St. Brieuc Bay and the attempts by three marine biologists to develop a conservation strategy for that population. Four ‘moments’ of translation are discerned in the attempts by these researchers to impose themselves and their definition of the situation on others: (a) problematisation: the researchers sought to become indispensable to other actors in the drama by denning the nature and the problems of the latter and then suggesting that these would be resolved if the actors negotiated the ‘obl...

Some elements of a sociology of translation: domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay

Confirmation bias, as the term is typically used in the psychological literature, connotes the seeking or interpreting of evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs, expectations, or a h...

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Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises:

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6761018/Geels02technological.pdf

Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study

L'automobile a certes transforme la societe rurale aux Etats-Unis, mais l'A. demontre egalement que les fermiers ont participe a la construction de l'automobile en soumettant des idees de modifications technologiques destinees a faciliter l'utilisation de l'automobile en milieu rural

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Users as agents of technological change : The social construction of the automobile in the rural United States

Introduction: the Golem 1. Edible knowledge: the chemical transfer of memory 2. Two experiments that 'proved' the theory of relativity 3. The sun in a test tube: the story of cold fusion 4. The germs of dissent: Louis Pasteur and the origins of life' 5. A new window on the universe?: the non-detection of gravitational radiation 6. The sex life of the whiptail lizard 7. Set the controls for the heart of the sun: the strange story of the misssing solar neutrinos Conclusion: putting the Golem to work Index.

The Golem: What Everyone Should Know About Science

RECENT studies have exposed the social components involved in the assessment of the validity of scientific findings, a process normally thought of as being in some way immune to social forces. This programme has developed from the work of Wittgenstein I through the 'Copernican Revolution' in the history and philosophy of science, associated with the writing of Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend, and Lakatos and Musgrave,\" to an explicitly relativistic sociologyof science, as argued, for instance, by Barnes, and Collins and Cox.\" Detailed case-studies of the social processes involved in knowledge production have been carried out by the present authors. Collins' has attempted to show the social component involved in the process of 'testing' findings by the replication of experiments in the case of the physical phenomena of gravity waves, and extended this analysis to the case of replication in parapsychology.5 Pinch,\" by considering the part played by a particular proof, has attempted to show the social components associated with the rejection of the work of the physicist, David Bohm, on the foundations of quantum theory. In this paper we will be concerned with examining the processes involved in the attempt to establish the existence of a certain class of phenomena referred to as paranormal phenomena. In particular we intend to analyse the tactics used by parapsychologists in their efforts to gain scientific recognition for their discipline and its findings, and the tactics used by orthodox scientists to deny them this stamp of legitimacy. In analysing these tactics it is hoped that something will

The construction of the paranormal: nothing unscientific is happening*

Introduction: the Golem 1. Edible knowledge: the chemical transfer of memory 2. Two experiments that 'proved' the theory of relativity 3. The sun in a test tube: the story of cold fusion 4. The germs of dissent: Louis Pasteur and the origins of life 5. A new window on the universe: the non-detection of gravitational radiation 6. The sex life of the whiptail lizard 7. Set the controls for the heart of the sun: the strange story of the missing solar neutrinos Conclusion: putting the Golem to work Afterword References and further reading Index.

The golem : what you should know about science

Foreword by Robert Moog Preface Introduction: Sculpting Sound 1. Subterranean Homesick Blues 2. Buchla's Box 3. Shaping the Synthesizer 4. The Funky Factory in Trumansburg 5. Haight-Asbury's Psychedelic Sound 6. An Odd Couple in the Summer of Love 7. Switched-On Bach 8. In Love with a Machine 9. Music of My Mind 10. Live! 11. Hard-Wired-the Minimoog 12. Inventing the Market 13. Close Encounters with the ARP 14. From Daleks to the Dark Side of the Moon Conclusion: Performance Discography Sources Notes Glossary Index

Trevor Pinch

Papers

Users as agents of technological change : The social construction of the automobile in the rural United States

The Golem: What Everyone Should Know About Science

The construction of the paranormal: nothing unscientific is happening*

The golem : what you should know about science

Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer