An important part of our information-gathering behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people now can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. The sudden eruption of activity in the area of opinion mining and sentiment analysis, which deals with the computational treatment of opinion, sentiment, and subjectivity in text, has thus occurred at least in part as a direct response to the surge of interest in new systems that deal directly with opinions as a first-class object.

This survey covers techniques and approaches that promise to directly enable opinion-oriented information-seeking systems. Our focus is on methods that seek to address the new challenges raised by sentiment-aware applications, as compared to those that are already present in more traditional fact-based analysis. We include material on summarization of evaluative text and on broader issues regarding privacy, manipulation, and economic impact that the development of opinion-oriented information-access services gives rise to. To facilitate future work, a discussion of available resources, benchmark datasets, and evaluation campaigns is also provided.

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Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis

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Science in action : How to follow scientists and engineers through society

This paper outlines a new approach to the study of power, that of the sociology of translation. Starting from three principles, those of agnosticism (impartiality between actors engaged in controversy), generalised symmetry (the commitment to explain conflicting viewpoints in the same terms) and free association (the abandonment of all a priori distinctions between the natural and the social), the paper describes a scientific and economic controversy about the causes for the decline in the population of scallops in St. Brieuc Bay and the attempts by three marine biologists to develop a conservation strategy for that population. Four ‘moments’ of translation are discerned in the attempts by these researchers to impose themselves and their definition of the situation on others: (a) problematisation: the researchers sought to become indispensable to other actors in the drama by denning the nature and the problems of the latter and then suggesting that these would be resolved if the actors negotiated the ‘obl...

Some elements of a sociology of translation: domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay

Confirmation bias, as the term is typically used in the psychological literature, connotes the seeking or interpreting of evidence in ways that are partial to existing beliefs, expectations, or a h...

/pdf/confirmation-bias-a-ubiquitous-phenomenon-in-many-guises-18m0fi8wck.pdf

Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises:

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6761018/Geels02technological.pdf

Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study

On Misunderstanding the Hard Sell

The paper by Roth and Barrett (RB in other circumstances, it may be presented as being incompatible4 The very terms chosen by R&B for this debate imply they have taken over one strand of method discourse which the scientists themselves use5 R&B are correct to point out that the symmetry tenet of the strong programme referred to in my book is part of an ambitious set of programmatic proposals for studying science6 The strong programme (and

Deconstructing Roth and Barrett

In this paper, we try to show that it is not possible to ascribe, unambiguously, the label ‘anti-scientific’ to a set of ideas. Anti-science is a description applicable to certain human activities; it is not a quality of certain ideas. We will illustrate this by looking at the case of parapsychological ideas (1). This approach implies that we do not endorse any positive definition of anti- science within this paper. The argument is intended to show the inappropriateness of definitions that would identify anti-science with sets of ideas as opposed to sets of historically specific actions. We will, however, look at some of the reasons that are given when ideas are so labelled, and we will put forward suggestions as to why actors should be interested in applying the label in this way to parapsychological ideas.

Is Anti-Science not-Science?

Resumen es: La tecnologia, ?es una institucion? En el articulo se plantea de manera provocativa si la sociologia puede estudiar simultaneamente los aspectos sociales...

Trevor Pinch

Papers

On Misunderstanding the Hard Sell

Deconstructing Roth and Barrett

Is Anti-Science not-Science?

La tecnología como institución: ¿qué nos pueden enseñar los estudios sociales de la tecnología?

Online Music Sites as Sonic Sociotechnical Communities: Identity, Reputation, and Technology at ACIDplanet.com