V. Wee Yong

TL;DR: It is reported that polyclonally activated T cells align along axons and soma of cultured human neurons leading to substantial neuronal death, demonstrating for the first time the high and selective vulnerability of human neurons to T cells, and suggesting that when enoughactivated T cells accumulate in the CNS, neuronal cytotoxicity can result through Ag-independent non-MHC class I mechanisms.

TL;DR: These findings provide the first evidence of the requirement for IL-1β in the production of CNTF following CNS trauma, and suggest that inflammation can have a beneficial impact on the regenerative capacity of the CNS.

TL;DR: The evidence supporting the detrimental and beneficial aspects of macrophages/microglia in models of MS are discussed, a discussion of the mechanisms underlying the dichotomous roles are provided, and a few therapies in clinical use in MS are described that impinge on the activity of macophages/ microglia.

TL;DR: The results implicate IL‐1β as a key regulator of neuronal M MP‐9 in culture and of the elevation of MMP‐9 that occurs following mouse CNS trauma.

TL;DR: New strategies to improve remyelination in preclinical models are addressed, the therapies that are currently undergoing clinical trials are highlighted and the challenges of objectively measuring remyELination in trials of repair in multiple sclerosis are discussed.