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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.

Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry

Matrix Differential Calculus with Applications in Statistics and Econometrics

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The World Bank Group

Radio access technologies for cellular mobile communications are typically characterized by multiple access schemes, e.g., frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), and OFDMA. In the 4th generation (4G) mobile communication systems such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) (Au et al., Uplink contention based SCMA for 5G radio access. Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2014. doi:10.1109/GLOCOMW.2014.7063547) and LTE-Advanced (Baracca et al., IEEE Trans. Commun., 2011. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2011.121410.090252; Barry et al., Digital Communication, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004), standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), orthogonal multiple access based on OFDMA or single carrier (SC)-FDMA is adopted. Orthogonal multiple access was a reasonable choice for achieving good system-level throughput performance with simple single-user detection. However, considering the trend in 5G, achieving significant gains in capacity and system throughput performance is a high priority requirement in view of the recent exponential increase in the volume of mobile traffic. In addition the proposed system should be able to support enhanced delay-sensitive high-volume services such as video streaming and cloud computing. Another high-level target of 5G is reduced cost, higher energy efficiency and robustness against emergencies.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for cellular future radio access

One of the techniques to fulfill the ever growing demand of high data rates and high spectral efficiency for future wireless networks is to use multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless communication systems by employing multiple number of transmitting and receiving antennas. However, conventional MIMO detection techniques like zero forcing (ZF), minimim mean square error (MMSE), minimum mean square error succesive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC), minimum mean square error ordered succesive interference cancellation (MMSE-OSIC) provide sub-optimal detection and their bit error rate (BER) performance degrades under imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. Hence, new algorithms and techniques are being developed for robust and non-erroneous detection in MIMO communication systems. In this paper, a robust detection algorithm called modified gravitational search algorithm (MGSA) is proposed for MIMO detection. The proposed MGSA detection algorithm exploits the concept of gravitational search algorithm for MIMO detection. The proposed MGSA technique outperforms conventional detection techniques like ZF, MMSE and MMSE-OSIC under both perfect and imperfect CSI at the receiver. Simulation results validate the performance and robustness of the proposed detection algorithm.

A robust MIMO detection algorithm using gravitationally co-ordinated swarm

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have attracted increased interest due to their capability to achieve higher multiplexing and diversity gains. In MIMO systems, reliable symbol detection in one of the major challenges. Maximum likelihood (ML) detection is one such technique which achieves minimum error rate performance for MIMO systems, however due to its exponential complexity ML detection is practically infeasible for large number of antennas. Therefore, in this contribution, we propose a low-complexity modified multiple feedback QR aided successive interference cancellation (MMF-SIC) algorithm which is capable of achieving near optimal performance. The effect of error propagation in SIC can be reduced by using multiple constellation points in decision feedback loops based on the reliability criteria. In MMF-SIC, an enhanced detection diversity is achieved by considering the decision feedback loops in multiple layers of QR aided SIC algorithm. Furthermore, we employ two different ordering schemes in parallel for QR decomposition in MMF-SIC algorithm. Through simulations, it is observed that the MMF-SIC algorithm performs superior over the conventional SIC and other SIC based techniques for detection in MIMO systems, and approach near optimal performance.

Modified Multiple Feedback QR Aided Successive Interference Cancellation Algorithm for Large MIMO Detection

The improved multi-stage clustering (IMSC)-based blind equalisation algorithm proposed by Mitra and colleagues in 2011 gave rise to significant improvements in terms of performance metrics as compared with its state-of-the-art counterparts However, the present authors' research studies show that IMSC performance degrades significantly for multiple access interference (MAI) in code-division multiplexing access (CDMA) systems To mitigate MAI, code filtering by orthogonal Hadamard codes is a popular practice to minimise the interference Code-filtering techniques have been used in the past in which a de-correlating transform (inverse of an orthonormal Hadamard matrix) has been incorporated into the cost function of the parent algorithm (which can be any traditional equalisation algorithm) A hybrid equalisation scheme is suggested which combines IMSC and code-filtering, so as to mitigate interference in CDMA environments The code-filtered IMSC shows better performance than any of the previously proposed algorithms

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/el.2014.1281

Improved multi-stage clustering-based blind equalisation in interference-limited CDMA environments

With the recent outbreak of COVID-19 and other pandemics, improving the public safety communication is essential for efficient communication in the 5G and beyond wireless communication networks. The key requirements shall be lower delays, improved coordination and efficient resource utilization, to achieve higher efficiency in the network performance in an emergency/pandemic situation. Since deployment costs and scarce resource availability are major constraints in the network functioning, looking forward to a new network solution, a heterogenous network (HetNet) architecture has been proposed in this paper, for an efficient broadcast network set up during emergency situations. This paper proposes a two-tier heterogenous network (HetNet) architecture, with the macro base station (MBS) tier being Tier 1 and the small cell tier (SCT) being Tier 2. Here the SCT is mostly involved in setting up of a public warning communication system. The HetNets also intend to promote device-to-device (D2D) communication links, in case of absence of connectivity to the user via the MBT or the SCT. Use of small cells and D2D links shall improve the overall system performance. Certain research challenges however persist, and are stated in the paper.

Paradigm Shift in Public Warning Systems: A Two-tier Approach towards Broadcasting

Spectrally-efficient full-duplex (FD) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) communications is a promising technology for future wireless communications that superimposes users in the power domain and allows them to simultaneously transmit and receive information from the base station (BS). However, self-interference cancellation in FD is still a major challenge, and thus the concept of virtual full duplex relaying (VFD) has evolved. In this work, without loss of generality, we consider a decode-and-forward (DF) relaying based NOMA transmission with a BS, two near users, and a far user constituting VFD over Nakagami-m fading channels. Framework for the exact and asymptotic outage probability (OP) and ergodic rate (ER) expressions is developed for the considered system model. Further, the impact of fading parameters, along with pathloss, is analyzed for the first time. Accuracy of the derived expressions is verified through rigorous simulations.

Vimal Bhatia

Papers

A robust MIMO detection algorithm using gravitationally co-ordinated swarm

Modified Multiple Feedback QR Aided Successive Interference Cancellation Algorithm for Large MIMO Detection

Improved multi-stage clustering-based blind equalisation in interference-limited CDMA environments

Paradigm Shift in Public Warning Systems: A Two-tier Approach towards Broadcasting

Performance of Cooperative NOMA with Virtual Full-Duplex based DF Relaying in Nakagami-m Fading